# AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
# 
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Fedora Deployment Guide\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-02-22T00:51:28\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2011-08-21 10:46+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Automatically generated\n"
"Language-Team: French <trans-fr@lists.fedoraproject.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1)\n"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Working with Kernel Modules"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>definition</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>module</primary> <see>kernel module</see>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>drivers</primary> <see>kernel module</see>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The Linux kernel is modular, which means it can extend its capabilities "
"through the use of dynamically-loaded <firstterm>kernel modules</firstterm>."
" A Kernel module can provide:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "a device driver which adds support for new hardware; or,"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"support for a file system such as <systemitem "
"class=\"filesystem\">btrfs</systemitem> or<systemitem "
"class=\"filesystem\">NFS</systemitem>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Like the kernel itself, modules can take parameters that customize their "
"behavior, though the default parameters work well in most cases. User-space "
"tools can list the modules currently loaded into a running kernel; query all"
" available modules for available parameters and module-specific information;"
" and load or unload (remove) modules dynamically into or from a running "
"kernel. Many of these utilities, which are provided by the <package>module-"
"init-tools</package> package, take module dependencies into account when "
"performing operations so that manual dependency-tracking is rarely "
"necessary."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"On modern systems, kernel modules are automatically loaded by various "
"mechanisms when the conditions call for it. However, there are occasions "
"when it is necessary to load and/or unload modules manually, such as when a "
"module provides optional functionality, one module should be preferred over "
"another although either could provide basic functionality, or when a module "
"is misbehaving, among other situations."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "This chapter explains how to:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"use the user-space <package>module-init-tools</package> package to display, "
"query, load and unload kernel modules and their dependencies;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"set module parameters both dynamically on the command line and permanently "
"so that you can customize the behavior of your kernel modules; and,"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "load modules at boot time."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note: Installing the module-init-tools package"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In order to use the kernel module utilities described in this chapter, first"
" ensure the module-init-tools package is installed on your system by "
"running, as root:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>yum install module-init-tools</command>\n"
"    "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For more information on installing packages with Yum, refer to <xref linkend"
"=\"sec-Installing\" />."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Listing Currently-Loaded Modules"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>listing</secondary> "
"<tertiary>currently loaded modules</tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>utilities</secondary> <tertiary>"
" <command>lsmod</command> </tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary> <command>lsmod</command> </primary> <seealso>kernel "
"module</seealso>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can list all kernel modules that are currently loaded into the kernel by"
" running the <command>lsmod</command> command:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"\n"
"~]$ <command>lsmod</command>\n"
"Module                  Size  Used by\n"
"xfs                   803635  1\n"
"exportfs                3424  1 xfs\n"
"vfat                    8216  1\n"
"fat                    43410  1 vfat\n"
"tun                    13014  2\n"
"fuse                   54749  2\n"
"ip6table_filter         2743  0\n"
"ip6_tables             16558  1 ip6table_filter\n"
"ebtable_nat             1895  0\n"
"ebtables               15186  1 ebtable_nat\n"
"ipt_MASQUERADE          2208  6\n"
"iptable_nat             5420  1\n"
"nf_nat                 19059  2 ipt_MASQUERADE,iptable_nat\n"
"rfcomm                 65122  4\n"
"ipv6                  267017  33\n"
"sco                    16204  2\n"
"bridge                 45753  0\n"
"stp                     1887  1 bridge\n"
"llc                     4557  2 bridge,stp\n"
"bnep                   15121  2\n"
"l2cap                  45185  16 rfcomm,bnep\n"
"cpufreq_ondemand        8420  2\n"
"acpi_cpufreq            7493  1\n"
"freq_table              3851  2 cpufreq_ondemand,acpi_cpufreq\n"
"usb_storage            44536  1\n"
"sha256_generic         10023  2\n"
"aes_x86_64              7654  5\n"
"aes_generic            27012  1 aes_x86_64\n"
"cbc                     2793  1\n"
"dm_crypt               10930  1\n"
"kvm_intel              40311  0\n"
"kvm                   253162  1 kvm_intel\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: lineannotation
#, no-c-format
msgid "[output truncated]"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"\n"
"    "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Each row of <command>lsmod</command> output specifies:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "the name of a kernel module currently loaded in memory;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "the amount of memory it uses; and,"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"the sum total of processes that are using the module and other modules which"
" depend on it, followed by a list of the names of those modules, if there "
"are any. Using this list, you can first unload all the modules depending the"
" module you want to unload. For more information, refer to <xref linkend"
"=\"sec-Unloading_a_Module\" />."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>files</secondary> <tertiary> "
"<filename>/proc/modules</filename> </tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Finally, note that <command>lsmod</command> output is less verbose and "
"considerably easier to read than the content of the "
"<filename>/proc/modules</filename> pseudo-file."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Displaying Information About a Module"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>listing</secondary> "
"<tertiary>module information</tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>utilities</secondary> <tertiary>"
" <command>modinfo</command> </tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary> <command>modinfo</command> </primary> <seealso>kernel "
"module</seealso>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can display detailed information about a kernel module by running the "
"<command>modinfo <replaceable>&lt;module_name&gt;</replaceable> </command> "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Module names do not end in .ko"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When entering the name of a kernel module as an argument to one of the "
"<package>module-init-tools</package> utilities, do not append a "
"<filename>.ko</filename> extension to the end of the name. Kernel module "
"names do not have extensions: their corresponding files do."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For example, to display information about the <systemitem "
"class=\"resource\">e1000e</systemitem> module, which is the Intel PRO/1000 "
"network driver, run:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Listing information about a kernel module with lsmod"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>modinfo e1000e</command>\n"
"filename:       /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/e1000e/e1000e.ko\n"
"version:        1.2.7-k2\n"
"license:        GPL\n"
"description:    Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver\n"
"author:         Intel Corporation, &lt;linux.nics@intel.com&gt;\n"
"srcversion:     93CB73D3995B501872B2982\n"
"alias:          pci:v00008086d00001503sv*sd*bc*sc*i*\n"
"alias:          pci:v00008086d00001502sv*sd*bc*sc*i*\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: lineannotation
#, no-c-format
msgid "[some <literal>alias</literal> lines omitted]"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"\n"
"alias:          pci:v00008086d0000105Esv*sd*bc*sc*i*\n"
"depends:\n"
"vermagic:       2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 SMP mod_unload modversions\n"
"parm:           copybreak:Maximum size of packet that is copied to a new buffer on receive (uint)\n"
"parm:           TxIntDelay:Transmit Interrupt Delay (array of int)\n"
"parm:           TxAbsIntDelay:Transmit Absolute Interrupt Delay (array of int)\n"
"parm:           RxIntDelay:Receive Interrupt Delay (array of int)\n"
"parm:           RxAbsIntDelay:Receive Absolute Interrupt Delay (array of int)\n"
"parm:           InterruptThrottleRate:Interrupt Throttling Rate (array of int)\n"
"parm:           IntMode:Interrupt Mode (array of int)\n"
"parm:           SmartPowerDownEnable:Enable PHY smart power down (array of int)\n"
"parm:           KumeranLockLoss:Enable Kumeran lock loss workaround (array of int)\n"
"parm:           WriteProtectNVM:Write-protect NVM [WARNING: disabling this can lead to corrupted NVM] (array of int)\n"
"parm:           CrcStripping:Enable CRC Stripping, disable if your BMC needs the CRC (array of int)\n"
"parm:           EEE:Enable/disable on parts that support the feature (array of int)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Here are descriptions of a few of the fields in <command>modinfo</command> "
"output:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid "filename"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The absolute path to the <filename>.ko</filename> kernel object file. You "
"can use <command>modinfo -n</command> as a shorcut command for printing only"
" the <computeroutput>filename</computeroutput> field."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid "description"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A short description of the module. You can use <command>modinfo -d</command>"
" as a shortcut command for printing only the description field."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid "alias"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <computeroutput>alias</computeroutput> field appears as many times as "
"there are aliases for a module, or is omitted entirely if there are none."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid "depends"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This field contains a comma-separated list of all the modules this module "
"depends on."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If a module has no dependencies, the "
"<computeroutput>depends</computeroutput> field may be omitted from the "
"output."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid "parm"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Each <computeroutput>parm</computeroutput> field presents one module "
"parameter in the form "
"<computeroutput><replaceable>parameter_name</replaceable>:<replaceable>description</replaceable></computeroutput>,"
" where:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<replaceable>parameter_name</replaceable> is the exact syntax you should use"
" when using it as a module parameter on the command line, or in an option "
"line in a <filename>.conf</filename> file in the "
"<filename>/etc/modprobe.d/</filename> directory; and,"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<replaceable>description</replaceable> is a brief explanation of what the "
"parameter does, along with an expectation for the type of value the "
"parameter accepts (such as <type>int</type>, <type>unit</type> or "
"<type>array of int</type>) in parentheses."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can list all parameters that the module supports by using the "
"<option>-p</option> option. However, because useful value type information "
"is omitted from <command>modinfo -p</command> output, it is more useful to "
"run:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>modinfo e1000e |grep \"^parm\" |sort</command>\n"
"parm:           copybreak:Maximum size of packet that is copied to a new buffer on receive (uint)\n"
"parm:           CrcStripping:Enable CRC Stripping, disable if your BMC needs the CRC (array of int)\n"
"parm:           EEE:Enable/disable on parts that support the feature (array of int)\n"
"parm:           InterruptThrottleRate:Interrupt Throttling Rate (array of int)\n"
"parm:           IntMode:Interrupt Mode (array of int)\n"
"parm:           KumeranLockLoss:Enable Kumeran lock loss workaround (array of int)\n"
"parm:           RxAbsIntDelay:Receive Absolute Interrupt Delay (array of int)\n"
"parm:           RxIntDelay:Receive Interrupt Delay (array of int)\n"
"parm:           SmartPowerDownEnable:Enable PHY smart power down (array of int)\n"
"parm:           TxAbsIntDelay:Transmit Absolute Interrupt Delay (array of int)\n"
"parm:           TxIntDelay:Transmit Interrupt Delay (array of int)\n"
"parm:           WriteProtectNVM:Write-protect NVM [WARNING: disabling this can lead to corrupted NVM] (array of int)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Loading a Module"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>loading</secondary> "
"<tertiary>for the current session</tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>utilities</secondary> <tertiary>"
" <command>modprobe</command> </tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary> <command>modprobe</command> </primary> <seealso>kernel "
"module</seealso>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To load a kernel module, run <command>modprobe "
"<replaceable>&lt;module_name&gt;</replaceable> </command> as root. For "
"example, to load the <systemitem class=\"resource\">wacom</systemitem> "
"module, run:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>modprobe wacom</command>\n"
"    "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>directories</secondary> "
"<tertiary> <filename "
"class=\"directory\">/lib/modules/<replaceable>&lt;kernel_version&gt;</replaceable>/kernel/drivers/</filename>"
" </tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"By default, <command>modprobe</command> attempts to load the module from "
"<filename "
"class=\"directory\">/lib/modules/<replaceable>&lt;kernel_version&gt;</replaceable>/kernel/drivers/</filename>."
" In this directory, each type of module has its own subdirectory, such as "
"<filename class=\"directory\">net/</filename> and <filename "
"class=\"directory\">scsi/</filename>, for network and SCSI interface drivers"
" respectively."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Some modules have dependencies, which are other kernel modules that must be "
"loaded before the module in question can be loaded. The "
"<command>modprobe</command> command always takes dependencies into account "
"when performing operations. When you ask <command>modprobe</command> to load"
" a specific kernel module, it first examines the dependencies of that "
"module, if there are any, and loads them if they are not already loaded into"
" the kernel. <command>modprobe</command> resolves dependencies recursively: "
"it will load all dependencies of dependencies, and so on, if necessary, thus"
" ensuring that all dependencies are always met."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can use the <option>-v</option> (i.e. <option>--verbose</option>) option"
" to cause <command>modprobe</command> to display detailed information about "
"what it is doing, which may include loading module dependencies. Here's an "
"example of loading the <systemitem class=\"protocol\">Fibre Channel over "
"Ethernet</systemitem> module verbosely:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "modprobe -v shows module dependencies as they are loaded"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>modprobe -v fcoe</command>\n"
"insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_tgt.ko\n"
"insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_transport_fc.ko\n"
"insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/libfc/libfc.ko\n"
"insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/fcoe/libfcoe.ko\n"
"insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe.ko"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"ex-modprobe_-"
"v_shows_module_dependencies_as_they_are_loaded\" /> shows that "
"<command>modprobe</command> loaded the <systemitem "
"class=\"resource\">scsi_tgt</systemitem>, <systemitem "
"class=\"resource\">scsi_transport_fc</systemitem>, <systemitem "
"class=\"resource\">libfc</systemitem> and <systemitem "
"class=\"resource\">libfcoe</systemitem> modules as dependencies before "
"finally loading <systemitem class=\"resource\">fcoe</systemitem>. Also note "
"that <command>modprobe</command> used the more <quote>primitive</quote> "
"<command>insmod</command> command to insert the modules into the running "
"kernel."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>utilities</secondary> <tertiary>"
" <command>insmod</command> </tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary> <command>insmod</command> </primary> <seealso>kernel "
"module</seealso>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Always use modprobe instead of insmod!"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Although the <command>insmod</command> command can also be used to load "
"kernel modules, it does not resolve dependencies. Because of this, you "
"should <emphasis>always</emphasis> load modules using "
"<command>modprobe</command> instead."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Unloading a Module"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>unloading</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can unload a kernel module by running <command>modprobe -r "
"<replaceable>&lt;module_name&gt;</replaceable> </command> as root. For "
"example, assuming that the <systemitem class=\"resource\">wacom</systemitem>"
" module is already loaded into the kernel, you can unload it by running:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>modprobe -r wacom</command>\n"
"    "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "However, this command will fail if a process is using:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "the <systemitem class=\"resource\">wacom</systemitem> module,"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"a module that <systemitem class=\"resource\">wacom</systemitem> directly "
"depends on, or,"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"any module that <systemitem class=\"resource\">wacom</systemitem>—through "
"the dependency tree—depends on indirectly."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Refer to <xref linkend=\"sec-Listing_Currently-Loaded_Modules\" /> for more "
"information about using <command>lsmod</command> to obtain the names of the "
"modules which are preventing you from unloading a certain module."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For example, if you want to unload the <systemitem "
"class=\"resource\">firewire_ohci</systemitem> module because (because you "
"believe there is a bug in it that is affecting system stability, for "
"example), your terminal session might look similar to this:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>modinfo -F depends firewire_ohci</command>\n"
"depends:        firewire-core\n"
"~]# <command>modinfo -F depends firewire_core</command>\n"
"depends:        crc-itu-t\n"
"~]# <command>modinfo -F depends crc-itu-t</command>\n"
"depends:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You have figured out the dependency tree (which does not branch in this "
"example) for the loaded Firewire modules: <systemitem "
"class=\"resource\">firewire_ohci</systemitem> depends on <systemitem "
"class=\"resource\">firewire_core</systemitem>, which itself depends on "
"<systemitem class=\"resource\">crc-itu-t</systemitem>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can unload <systemitem class=\"resource\">firewire_ohci</systemitem> "
"using the <command>modprobe -v -r "
"<replaceable>&lt;module_name&gt;</replaceable> </command> command, where "
"<option>-r</option> is short for <option>--remove</option> and "
"<option>-v</option> for <option>--verbose</option>:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>modprobe -r -v firewire_ohci</command>\n"
"rmmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/firewire/firewire-ohci.ko\n"
"rmmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/firewire/firewire-core.ko\n"
"rmmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64/kernel/lib/crc-itu-t.ko"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The output shows that modules are unloaded in the reverse order that they "
"are loaded, given that no proceses depend on any of the modules being "
"unloaded."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>utilities</secondary> <tertiary>"
" <command>rmmod</command> </tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary> <command>rmmod</command> </primary> <seealso>kernel "
"module</seealso>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Do not use rmmod directly!"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Although the <command>rmmod</command> command can be used to unload kernel "
"modules, it is recommended to use <command>modprobe -r</command> instead."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Setting Module Parameters"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>module parameters</primary> <see>kernel module</see>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>module parameters</secondary> "
"<tertiary>supplying</tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Like the kernel itself, modules can also take parameters that change their "
"behavior. Most of the time, the default ones work well, but occasionally it "
"is necessary or desirable to set custom parameters for a module. Because "
"parameters cannot be dynamically set for a module that is already loaded "
"into a running kernel, there are two different methods for setting them."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can unload all dependencies of the module you want to set parameters "
"for, unload the module using <command>modprobe -r</command>, and then load "
"it with <command>modprobe</command> along with a list of customized "
"parameters. This method is often used when the module does not have many "
"dependencies, or to test different combinations of parameters without making"
" them persistent, and is the method covered in this section."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Alternatively, you can list the new parameters in an existing or newly-"
"created file in the <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/</filename> directory. This "
"method makes the module parameters persistent by ensuring that they are set "
"each time the module is loaded, such as after every reboot or "
"<command>modprobe</command> command. This method is covered in <xref linkend"
"=\"sec-Persistent_Module_Loading\" />, though the following information is a"
" prerequisite."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can use <command>modprobe</command> to load a kernel module with custom "
"parameters using the following command line format:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Supplying optional parameters when loading a kernel module"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>modprobe <replaceable>&lt;module_name&gt;</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>parameter</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></optional>\n"
"        </command>\n"
"      "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Here are some things to be aware of when loading a module with custom "
"parameters on the command line:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can enter multiple parameters and values by separating them with spaces."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Some module parameters expect a list of comma-separated values as their "
"argument. When entering the list of values, do <emphasis>not</emphasis> "
"insert a space after each comma, or <command>modprobe</command> will "
"incorrectly interpret the values following spaces as additional parameters."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <command>modprobe</command> command silently succeeds with an exit "
"status of <constant>0</constant> if:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "it successfully loads the module, <emphasis>or</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "the module is <emphasis>already</emphasis> loaded into the kernel."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Thus, you must ensure that the module is not already loaded before "
"attempting to load it with custom parameters. The "
"<command>modprobe</command> command does not automatically reload the "
"module, or alert you that it is already loaded."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Here are the recommended steps for setting custom parameters and then "
"loading a kernel module. This procedure illustrates the steps using the "
"<systemitem class=\"resource\">e1000e</systemitem> module, which is the "
"network driver for Intel PRO/1000 network adapters, as an example:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Loading a Kernel Module with Custom Parameters"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "First, ensure the module is not already loaded into the kernel:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>lsmod |grep e1000e</command>\n"
"~]# "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Output indicates that the module is already loaded into the kernel, in which"
" case you must first unload it before proceeding. Refer to <xref linkend"
"=\"sec-Unloading_a_Module\" /> for instructions on safely unloading it."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Load the module and list all custom parameters after the module name. For "
"example, if you wanted to load the Intel PRO/1000 network driver with the "
"interrupt throttle rate set to 3000 interrupts per second for the first, "
"second and third instances of the driver, and Energy Efficient Ethernet "
"(EEE) turned on<footnote id=\"footnote-"
"Energy_Efficient_Ethernet\"><para>Despite what the example might imply, "
"Energy Efficient Ethernet is turned on by default in the <systemitem "
"class=\"resource\">e1000e</systemitem> driver.</para> </footnote> , you "
"would run, as root:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>modprobe e1000e InterruptThrottleRate=3000,3000,3000 EEE=1</command>\n"
"        "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This example illustrates passing multiple valued to a single parameter by "
"separating them with commas and omitting any spaces between them."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Persistent Module Loading"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>loading</secondary> <tertiary>at"
" the boot time</tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>directories</secondary> "
"<tertiary> <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/sysconfig/modules/</filename> "
"</tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"As shown in <xref linkend=\"ex-"
"Listing_information_about_a_kernel_module_with_lsmod\" />, many kernel "
"modules are loaded automatically at boot time. You can specify additional "
"modules to be loaded by creating a new "
"<filename><replaceable>&lt;file_name&gt;</replaceable>.modules</filename> "
"file in the <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/sysconfig/modules/</filename>"
" directory, where <replaceable>&lt;file_name&gt;</replaceable> is any "
"descriptive name of your choice. Your "
"<filename><replaceable>&lt;file_name&gt;</replaceable>.modules</filename> "
"files are treated by the system startup scripts as shell scripts, and as "
"such should begin with an <firstterm>interpreter directive</firstterm> (also"
" called a <quote>bang line</quote>) as their first line:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "First line of a <replaceable>file_name</replaceable>.modules file"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid "#!/bin/sh"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Additionally, the "
"<filename><replaceable>&lt;file_name&gt;</replaceable>.modules</filename> "
"file should be executable. You can make it executable by running:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"modules]# <command>chmod +x <replaceable>&lt;file_name&gt;</replaceable>.modules</command>\n"
"    "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For example, the following <filename>bluez-uinput.modules</filename> script "
"loads the <systemitem class=\"resource\">uinput</systemitem> module:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "/etc/sysconfig/modules/bluez-uinput.modules"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"#!/bin/sh\n"
"\n"
"if [ ! -c /dev/input/uinput ] ; then\n"
"        exec /sbin/modprobe uinput &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1\n"
"fi"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>if</literal>-conditional statement on the third line ensures "
"that the <filename>/dev/input/uinput</filename> file does "
"<emphasis>not</emphasis> already exist (the <literal>!</literal> symbol "
"negates the condition), and, if that is the case, loads the <systemitem "
"class=\"resource\">uinput</systemitem> module by calling <command>exec "
"/sbin/modprobe uinput</command>. Note that the <systemitem "
"class=\"resource\">uinput</systemitem> module creates the "
"<filename>/dev/input/uinput</filename> file, so testing to see if that file "
"exists serves as verification of whether the <systemitem "
"class=\"resource\">uinput</systemitem> module is loaded into the kernel."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The following <command>&gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1</command> clause at the end"
" of that line simply redirects any output to <filename>/dev/null</filename> "
"so that the <command>modprobe</command> command remains quiet."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Specific Kernel Module Capabilities"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This section explains how to enable specific kernel capabilities using "
"various kernel modules."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Using Multiple Ethernet Cards"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>Ethernet module</secondary> "
"<tertiary>supporting multiple cards</tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is possible to use multiple Ethernet cards on a single machine. For each "
"card there must be an <command>alias</command> and, possibly, "
"<command>options</command> lines for each card in a user-created "
"<filename><replaceable>&lt;module_name&gt;</replaceable>.conf</filename> "
"file in the <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/</filename> directory."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For additional information about using multiple Ethernet cards, refer to the"
" <citetitle>Linux Ethernet-HOWTO</citetitle> online at <ulink "
"url=\"http://www.redhat.com/mirrors/LDP/HOWTO/Ethernet-"
"HOWTO.html\">http://www.redhat.com/mirrors/LDP/HOWTO/Ethernet-"
"HOWTO.html</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Using Channel Bonding"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>bonding module</secondary> "
"<tertiary>description</tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>channel bonding</primary> <secondary>description</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>bonding</primary> <see>channel bonding</see>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>NIC</primary> <secondary>binding into single channel</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>channel bonding interface</primary> <see>kernel module</see>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"&MAJOROS; allows administrators to bind NICs together into a single channel "
"using the <filename>bonding</filename> kernel module and a special network "
"interface, called a <firstterm>channel bonding interface</firstterm>. "
"Channel bonding enables two or more network interfaces to act as one, "
"simultaneously increasing the bandwidth and providing redundancy."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>bonding module</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>channel bonding</primary> <secondary>configuration</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To channel bond multiple network interfaces, the administrator must perform "
"the following steps:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"As root, create a new file named "
"<filename><replaceable>&lt;bonding&gt;</replaceable>.conf</filename> in the "
"<filename>/etc/modprobe.d/</filename> directory. Note that you can name this"
" file anything you like as long as it ends with a <filename>.conf</filename>"
" extension. Insert the following line in this new file:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid "alias bond<replaceable>&lt;N&gt;</replaceable> bonding"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Replace <replaceable>&lt;N&gt;</replaceable> with the interface number, such"
" as <command>0</command>. For each configured channel bonding interface, "
"there must be a corresponding entry in your new "
"<filename>/etc/modprobe.d/<replaceable>&lt;bonding&gt;</replaceable>.conf</filename>"
" file."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Configure a channel bonding interface as outlined in <xref linkend=\"s2"
"-networkscripts-interfaces-chan\" />."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To enhance performance, adjust available module options to ascertain what "
"combination works best. Pay particular attention to the "
"<command>miimon</command> or <command>arp_interval</command> and the "
"<command>arp_ip_target</command> parameters. Refer to <xref linkend=\"s3"
"-modules-bonding-directives\" /> for a list of available options and how to "
"quickly determine the best ones for your bonded interface."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Bonding Module Directives"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>bonding module</secondary> "
"<tertiary>parameters to bonded interfaces</tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>kernel module</primary> <secondary>module parameters</secondary> "
"<tertiary>bonding module parameters</tertiary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>channel bonding</primary> <secondary>parameters to bonded "
"interfaces</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is a good idea to test which channel bonding module parameters work best "
"for your bonded interfaces before adding them to the <parameter "
"class=\"option\">BONDING_OPTS=\"<replaceable>&lt;bonding "
"parameters&gt;</replaceable>\"</parameter> directive in your bonding "
"interface configuration file (<filename>ifcfg-bond0</filename> for example)."
" Parameters to bonded interfaces can be configured without unloading (and "
"reloading) the bonding module by manipulating files in the <systemitem "
"class=\"filesystem\">sysfs</systemitem> file system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<systemitem class=\"filesystem\">sysfs</systemitem> is a virtual file system"
" that represents kernel objects as directories, files and symbolic links. "
"<systemitem class=\"filesystem\">sysfs</systemitem> can be used to query for"
" information about kernel objects, and can also manipulate those objects "
"through the use of normal file system commands. The <systemitem "
"class=\"filesystem\">sysfs</systemitem> virtual file system has a line in "
"<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, and is mounted under the "
"<filename>/sys/</filename> directory. All bonding interfaces can be "
"configured dynamically by interacting with and manipulating files under the "
"<filename>/sys/class/net/</filename> directory."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After you have created a channel bonding interface file such as <filename"
">ifcfg-bond0</filename> and inserted <parameter "
"class=\"option\">SLAVE=yes</parameter> and <parameter "
"class=\"option\">MASTER=bond0</parameter> directives in the configuration "
"files for each interface bonded to bond0 following the instructions in <xref"
" linkend=\"s2-networkscripts-interfaces-chan\" />, you can proceed to "
"testing and determining the best parameters for your bonding interface."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"First, bring up the bond you created by running <command>ifconfig "
"<option>bond<replaceable>&lt;N&gt;</replaceable> </option> "
"<option>up</option> </command> as root:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>ifconfig bond0 up</command>\n"
"        "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you have correctly created the <filename>ifcfg-bond0</filename> bonding "
"interface file, you will be able to see "
"<computeroutput>bond0</computeroutput> listed in the output of running "
"<command>ifconfig</command> (without any options):"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>ifconfig</command>\n"
"bond0     Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00\n"
"          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1\n"
"          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0\n"
"          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0\n"
"          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0\n"
"          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)\n"
"eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:26:9E:F1\n"
"          inet addr:192.168.122.251  Bcast:192.168.122.255  Mask:255.255.255.0\n"
"          inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe26:9ef1/64 Scope:Link\n"
"          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1\n"
"          RX packets:207 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0\n"
"          TX packets:205 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0\n"
"          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000\n"
"          RX bytes:70374 (68.7 KiB)  TX bytes:25298 (24.7 KiB)\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"\n"
"        "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "To view all existing bonds, even if they are not up, run:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>cat /sys/class/net/bonding_masters</command>\n"
"bond0"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can configure each bond individually by manipulating the files located "
"in the "
"<filename>/sys/class/net/bond<replaceable>&lt;N&gt;</replaceable>/bonding/</filename>"
" directory. First, the bond you are configuring must be taken down:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>ifconfig bond0 down</command>\n"
"        "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"As an example, to enable MII monitoring on bond0 with a 1 second interval, "
"you could run (as root):"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>echo 1000 &gt; /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/miimon</command>\n"
"        "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To configure bond0 for <parameter class=\"option\">balance-alb</parameter> "
"mode, you could run either:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>echo 6 &gt; /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/mode</command>\n"
"        "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "...or, using the name of the mode:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>echo balance-alb &gt; /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/mode</command>\n"
"        "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After configuring some options for the bond in question, you can bring it up"
" and test it by running <command>ifconfig "
"bond<replaceable>&lt;N&gt;</replaceable> <option>up</option> </command>. If "
"you decide to change the options, take the interface down, modify its "
"parameters using <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">sysfs</systemitem>, bring "
"it back up, and re-test."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Once you have determined the best set of parameters for your bond, add those"
" parameters as a space-separated list to the <parameter "
"class=\"option\">BONDING_OPTS=</parameter> directive of the "
"<filename>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-"
"bond<replaceable>&lt;N&gt;</replaceable> </filename> file for the bonding "
"interface you are configuring. Whenever that bond is brought up (for "
"example, by the system during the boot sequence if the <parameter "
"class=\"option\">ONBOOT=yes</parameter> directive is set), the bonding "
"options specified in the <parameter "
"class=\"option\">BONDING_OPTS</parameter> will take effect for that bond. "
"For more information on configuring bonding interfaces (and <parameter "
"class=\"option\">BONDING_OPTS</parameter>), refer to <xref linkend=\"s2"
"-networkscripts-interfaces-chan\" />."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The following list provides the names of many of the more common channel "
"bonding parameters, along with a descriptions of what they do. For more "
"information, refer to the brief descriptions for each "
"<computeroutput>parm</computeroutput> in <command>modinfo bonding</command> "
"output, or the exhaustive descriptions in the "
"<filename>bonding.txt</filename> file in the <package>kernel-doc</package> "
"package (see <xref linkend=\"s1-kernel-modules-additional-resources\" />)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Bonding Interface Parameters"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>arp_interval=<replaceable>&lt;time_in_milliseconds&gt;</replaceable>"
" </literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Specifies (in milliseconds) how often ARP monitoring occurs."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Important"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is essential that both <literal>arp_interval</literal> and "
"<literal>arp_ip_target</literal> parameters are specified, or, "
"alternatively, the <literal>miimon</literal> parameter is specified. Failure"
" to do so can cause degradation of network performance in the event that a "
"link fails."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If using this setting while in <literal>mode=0</literal> or "
"<literal>mode=1</literal> (the two load-balancing modes), the network switch"
" must be configured to distribute packets evenly across the NICs. For more "
"information on how to accomplish this, refer to <filename>/usr/share/doc"
"/kernel-"
"doc-<replaceable>&lt;kernel_version&gt;</replaceable>/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The value is set to <userinput>0</userinput> by default, which disables it."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>arp_ip_target=<replaceable>&lt;ip_address&gt;</replaceable><optional>,<replaceable>&lt;ip_address_2&gt;</replaceable>,…<replaceable>&lt;ip_address_16&gt;</replaceable></optional>"
" </literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Specifies the target IP address of ARP requests when the "
"<literal>arp_interval</literal> parameter is enabled. Up to 16 IP addresses "
"can be specified in a comma separated list."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>arp_validate=<replaceable>&lt;value&gt;</replaceable> </literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Validate source/distribution of ARP probes; default is "
"<userinput>none</userinput>. Other valid values are "
"<userinput>active</userinput>, <userinput>backup</userinput>, and "
"<userinput>all</userinput>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>debug=<replaceable>&lt;number&gt;</replaceable> </literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Enables debug messages. Possible values are:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>0</userinput> — Debug messages are disabled. This is the default."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<userinput>1</userinput> — Debug messages are enabled."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>downdelay=<replaceable>&lt;time_in_milliseconds&gt;</replaceable> "
"</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Specifies (in milliseconds) how long to wait after link failure before "
"disabling the link. The value must be a multiple of the value specified in "
"the <literal>miimon</literal> parameter. The value is set to "
"<userinput>0</userinput> by default, which disables it."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid "lacp_rate=<replaceable>&lt;value&gt;</replaceable>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Specifies the rate at which link partners should transmit LACPDU packets in "
"802.3ad mode. Possible values are:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>slow</userinput> or <userinput>0</userinput> — Default setting. "
"This specifies that partners should transmit LACPDUs every 30 seconds."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>fast</userinput> or <userinput>1</userinput> — Specifies that "
"partners should transmit LACPDUs every 1 second."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>miimon=<replaceable>&lt;time_in_milliseconds&gt;</replaceable> "
"</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Specifies (in milliseconds) how often MII link monitoring occurs. This is "
"useful if high availability is required because MII is used to verify that "
"the NIC is active. To verify that the driver for a particular NIC supports "
"the MII tool, type the following command as root:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>ethtool <replaceable>&lt;interface_name&gt;</replaceable> | grep \"Link detected:\"</command>\n"
"              "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In this command, replace <replaceable>&lt;interface_name</replaceable>&gt; "
"with the name of the device interface, such as <userinput>eth0</userinput>, "
"not the bond interface. If MII is supported, the command returns:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid "Link detected: yes"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If using a bonded interface for high availability, the module for each NIC "
"must support MII. Setting the value to <userinput>0</userinput> (the "
"default), turns this feature off. When configuring this setting, a good "
"starting point for this parameter is <userinput>100</userinput>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>mode=<replaceable>&lt;value&gt;</replaceable> </literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "...where <replaceable>&lt;value&gt;</replaceable> is one of:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>balance-rr</userinput> or <userinput>0</userinput> — Sets a "
"round-robin policy for fault tolerance and load balancing. Transmissions are"
" received and sent out sequentially on each bonded slave interface beginning"
" with the first one available."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>active-backup</userinput> or <userinput>1</userinput> — Sets an "
"active-backup policy for fault tolerance. Transmissions are received and "
"sent out via the first available bonded slave interface. Another bonded "
"slave interface is only used if the active bonded slave interface fails."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>balance-xor</userinput> or <userinput>2</userinput> — Sets an XOR"
" (exclusive-or) policy for fault tolerance and load balancing. Using this "
"method, the interface matches up the incoming request's MAC address with the"
" MAC address for one of the slave NICs. Once this link is established, "
"transmissions are sent out sequentially beginning with the first available "
"interface."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>broadcast</userinput> or <userinput>3</userinput> — Sets a "
"broadcast policy for fault tolerance. All transmissions are sent on all "
"slave interfaces."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>802.3ad</userinput> or <userinput>4</userinput> — Sets an IEEE "
"802.3ad dynamic link aggregation policy. Creates aggregation groups that "
"share the same speed and duplex settings. Transmits and receives on all "
"slaves in the active aggregator. Requires a switch that is 802.3ad "
"compliant."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>balance-tlb</userinput> or <userinput>5</userinput> — Sets a "
"Transmit Load Balancing (TLB) policy for fault tolerance and load balancing."
" The outgoing traffic is distributed according to the current load on each "
"slave interface. Incoming traffic is received by the current slave. If the "
"receiving slave fails, another slave takes over the MAC address of the "
"failed slave."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>balance-alb</userinput> or <userinput>6</userinput> — Sets an "
"Active Load Balancing (ALB) policy for fault tolerance and load balancing. "
"Includes transmit and receive load balancing for IPV4 traffic. Receive load "
"balancing is achieved through ARP negotiation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>num_unsol_na=<replaceable>&lt;number&gt;</replaceable> </literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Specifies the number of unsolicited IPv6 Neighbor Advertisements to be "
"issued after a failover event. One unsolicited NA is issued immediately "
"after the failover."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The valid range is <userinput>0 - 255</userinput>; the default value is "
"<userinput>1</userinput>. This parameter affects only the active-backup "
"mode."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>primary=<replaceable>&lt;interface_name&gt;</replaceable> "
"</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Specifies the interface name, such as <userinput>eth0</userinput>, of the "
"primary device. The <literal>primary</literal> device is the first of the "
"bonding interfaces to be used and is not abandoned unless it fails. This "
"setting is particularly useful when one NIC in the bonding interface is "
"faster and, therefore, able to handle a bigger load."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This setting is only valid when the bonding interface is in <userinput"
">active-backup</userinput> mode. Refer to <filename> /usr/share/doc/kernel-"
"doc-<replaceable>&lt;kernel-"
"version&gt;</replaceable>/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt</filename> "
"for more information."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>primary_reselect=<replaceable>&lt;value&gt;</replaceable> "
"</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Specifies the reselection policy for the primary slave. This affects how the"
" primary slave is chosen to become the active slave when failure of the "
"active slave or recovery of the primary slave occurs. This parameter is "
"designed to prevent flip-flopping between the primary slave and other "
"slaves. Possible values are:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>always</userinput> or <userinput>0</userinput> (default) — The "
"primary slave becomes the active slave whenever it comes back up."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>better</userinput> or <userinput>1</userinput> — The primary "
"slave becomes the active slave when it comes back up, if the speed and "
"duplex of the primary slave is better than the speed and duplex of the "
"current active slave."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>failure</userinput> or <userinput>2</userinput> — The primary "
"slave becomes the active slave only if the current active slave fails and "
"the primary slave is up."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>primary_reselect</literal> setting is ignored in two cases:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If no slaves are active, the first slave to recover is made the active "
"slave."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When initially enslaved, the primary slave is always made the active slave."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Changing the <literal>primary_reselect</literal> policy via <systemitem "
"class=\"filesystem\">sysfs</systemitem> will cause an immediate selection of"
" the best active slave according to the new policy. This may or may not "
"result in a change of the active slave, depending upon the circumstances"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>updelay=<replaceable>&lt;time_in_milliseconds&gt;</replaceable> "
"</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Specifies (in milliseconds) how long to wait before enabling a link. The "
"value must be a multiple of the value specified in the "
"<literal>miimon</literal> parameter. The value is set to "
"<userinput>0</userinput> by default, which disables it."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>use_carrier=<replaceable>&lt;number&gt;</replaceable> </literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Specifies whether or not <literal>miimon</literal> should use MII/ETHTOOL "
"ioctls or <function>netif_carrier_ok()</function> to determine the link "
"state. The <function>netif_carrier_ok()</function> function relies on the "
"device driver to maintains its state with "
"<literal>netif_carrier_<replaceable>on/off</replaceable> </literal>; most "
"device drivers support this function."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The MII/ETHROOL ioctls tools utilize a deprecated calling sequence within "
"the kernel. However, this is still configurable in case your device driver "
"does not support <literal>netif_carrier_<replaceable>on/off</replaceable> "
"</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Valid values are:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>1</userinput> — Default setting. Enables the use of "
"<function>netif_carrier_ok()</function>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<userinput>0</userinput> — Enables the use of MII/ETHTOOL ioctls."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Tip"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the bonding interface insists that the link is up when it should not be, "
"it is possible that your network device driver does not support "
"<literal>netif_carrier_<replaceable>on/off</replaceable> </literal>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>xmit_hash_policy=<replaceable>&lt;value&gt;</replaceable> "
"</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Selects the transmit hash policy used for slave selection in <userinput"
">balance-xor</userinput> and <userinput>802.3ad</userinput> modes. Possible "
"values are:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>0</userinput> or <userinput>layer2</userinput> — Default setting."
" This parameter uses the XOR of hardware MAC addresses to generate the hash."
" The formula used is:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"(<replaceable>&lt;source_MAC_address&gt;</replaceable> XOR <replaceable>&lt;destination_MAC&gt;</replaceable>) MODULO <replaceable>&lt;slave_count&gt;</replaceable>\n"
"                  "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This algorithhm will place all traffic to a particular network peer on the "
"same slave, and is 802.3ad compliant."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>1</userinput> or <userinput>layer3+4</userinput> — Uses upper "
"layer protocol information (when available) to generate the hash. This "
"allows for traffic to a particular network peer to span multiple slaves, "
"although a single connection will not span multiple slaves."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The formula for unfragmented TCP and UDP packets used is:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"((<replaceable>&lt;source_port&gt;</replaceable> XOR <replaceable>&lt;dest_port&gt;</replaceable>) XOR\n"
"  ((<replaceable>&lt;source_IP&gt;</replaceable> XOR <replaceable>&lt;dest_IP&gt;</replaceable>) AND <constant>0xffff</constant>)\n"
"    MODULO <replaceable>&lt;slave_count&gt;</replaceable>\n"
"                  "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For fragmented TCP or UDP packets and all other IP protocol traffic, the "
"source and destination port information is omitted. For non-IP traffic, the "
"formula is the same as the <command>layer2</command> transmit hash policy."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This policy intends to mimic the behavior of certain switches; particularly,"
" Cisco switches with PFC2 as well as some Foundry and IBM products."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The algorithm used by this policy is not 802.3ad compliant."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<userinput>2</userinput> or <userinput>layer2+3</userinput> — Uses a "
"combination of layer2 and layer3 protocol information to generate the hash."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Uses XOR of hardware MAC addresses and IP addresses to generate the hash. "
"The formula is:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"(((<replaceable>&lt;source_IP&gt;</replaceable> XOR <replaceable>&lt;dest_IP&gt;</replaceable>) AND <constant>0xffff</constant>) XOR\n"
"  ( <replaceable>&lt;source_MAC&gt;</replaceable> XOR <replaceable>&lt;destination_MAC&gt;</replaceable> ))\n"
"    MODULO <replaceable>&lt;slave_count&gt;</replaceable>\n"
"                  "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This algorithm will place all traffic to a particular network peer on the "
"same slave. For non-IP traffic, the formula is the same as for the layer2 "
"transmit hash policy."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This policy is intended to provide a more balanced distribution of traffic "
"than layer2 alone, especially in environments where a layer3 gateway device "
"is required to reach most destinations."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "This algorithm is 802.3ad compliant."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Additional Resources"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For more information on kernel modules and their utilities, refer to the "
"following resources."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: bridgehead
#, no-c-format
msgid "Manual Page Documentation"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>man lsmod</command> — The <command>lsmod</command> manual page "
"contains usage information and explanation of all options."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>man modinfo</command> — The <command>modinfo</command> manual page "
"contains usage information and explanation of all options."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>man modprobe</command> — The <command>modprobe</command> manual "
"page contains usage information and explanation of all options."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>man rmmod</command> — The <command>rmmod</command> manual page "
"contains usage information and explanation of all options."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>man ethtool</command> — The <command>ethtool</command> manual page "
"contains usage information and explanation of all options."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>man mii-tool</command> — The <command>mii-tool</command> manual "
"page contains usage information and explanation of all options."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: bridgehead
#, no-c-format
msgid "Installable and External Documentation"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<filename class=\"directory\">/usr/share/doc/kernel-"
"doc-<replaceable>&lt;kernel_version&gt;</replaceable>/Documentation/</filename>"
" — This directory, which is provided by the <package>kernel-doc</package> "
"package, contains information on the kernel, kernel modules, and their "
"respective parameters. Before accessing the kernel documentation, you must "
"run the following command as root:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"~]# <command>yum install kernel-doc</command>\n"
"        "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Module-HOWTO/\">Linux Loadable Kernel "
"Module HOWTO</ulink> — The <citetitle>Linux Loadable Kernel Module "
"HOWTO</citetitle> from the Linux Documentation Project contains further "
"information on working with kernel modules."
msgstr ""