# AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
# 
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Fedora RPM Guide\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-03-02T00:57:11\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2011-08-21 06:39+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Automatically generated\n"
"Language-Team: Bengali (http://www.transifex.net/projects/p/fedora/team/bn/)\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Language: bn\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1)\n"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "RPM Management Software"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "This chapter covers:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Finding packages in RPM format"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Graphical tools to manage RPM packages"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Extending RPM management with additional tools"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can find a variety of software packages to ease the work of managing "
"RPM-based systems. These utilities can help you find a specific software "
"application packaged using RPM or search through a collection of RPM-"
"packaged software to locate applications with specific features. Similarly, "
"several utilities provide features to ease long-term system-management "
"tasks. These applications provide features such as automatic updating of "
"existing installed software with more recent versions or simplification of "
"software installation by automating installation of any required software "
"dependencies."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This chapter covers a number of tools for finding packages in RPM format, as"
" well as tools to help manage the RPMs on your system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Locating RPMs"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"RPM provides a powerful tool for managing software installed on a system. "
"With a single command, an entire application can be installed on the system "
"in a ready-to-run configuration. With a different command, the entire "
"application can be removed without having manually to track down all of the "
"associated files scattered throughout the hard drive. For RPM to work, "
"however, the software being managed must be packaged in the proper RPM "
"format. RPM packages can be easily prepared if necessary, but you can save "
"time by using the wide variety of software already available in the RPM "
"format. The only trick to using this RPM-packaged software is finding it."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"As you start to search for RPM packages on the Internet, you’ll find "
"thousands of packages available. Many of these packages are built "
"specifically for various Linux distributions, such as Conectiva, SUSE, Red "
"Hat, or Mandrake. In many cases, the Linux distribution won’t matter, but in"
" general it's best to download packages built for your version of Linux, "
"such as Red Hat."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Although the examples in this book assume Red Hat Linux as a base, just "
"about everything applies to all versions of Linux that use the RPM system, "
"unless noted otherwise."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Internet search engines are popular, but they aren’t very helpful for "
"finding RPM packages, especially because lots of Web pages have the term rpm"
" (including those covering revolutions per minute). A more efficient "
"approach is to use one of the RPM-specific Internet search tools such as "
"rpmfind."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "rpmfind and rpm2html"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"One popular free tool for locating RPMs is rpmfind, written by Daniel "
"Veillard. This tool provides a command-line utility that can search for "
"packages by name or description, displaying or optionally downloading any "
"matching packages it finds. It can even provide a list of the dependencies "
"that those matching packages require to run and can download those required "
"dependencies as well."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When searching for packages, rpmfind can search both the software already "
"installed on the local system and remote databases, including the databases "
"located at http://rpmfind.net/."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The databases at http://rpmfind.net/ are, in turn, created by another "
"utility: rpm2html. Both are covered in the sections following."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Commonly, rpmfind is used to search for packages by name, though it can be "
"used to search package descriptions for key words. For example, I might want"
" to find new e-mail clients to install on my system. I happen to know that "
"one popular Linux e-mail client is Ximian’s evolution, so I search for that."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The basic syntax for rpmfind follows:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "rpmfind package_name"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For example, to search for evolution, use a command like the following:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "$ rpmfind evolution"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Resource evolution already installed"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "$"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Before accessing the Internet, rpmfind searches my local system and finds "
"that I already have evolution installed, so it does not even bother "
"searching for copies to download. It looks like I’m forgetful, not "
"remembering that I already have evolution installed. At this point, I might "
"realize that I already have the software I need, or I might decide to search"
" for a similar application, such as exmh, another popular Unix e-mail "
"client."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To search for exmh (which in this example has not been installed), use a "
"command like the following:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "$ rpmfind exmh"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Installing exmh will require 7301 KBytes"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "### To Transfer:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/7.2/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS//nmh-1.0.4-9.i3"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "86.rpm"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/7.2/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS//exmh-2.4-2.noarch.rpm"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Do you want to download these files to /tmp [Y/n/a/i] ? : a"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "transferring"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/7.2/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS//nmh-1.0.4-9.i386.rpm"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "saving to /tmp/nmh-1.0.4-9.i386.rpm"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "saving to /tmp/exmh-2.4-2.noarch.rpm"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "rpm -U /tmp/nmh-1.0.4-9.i386.rpm /tmp/exmh-2.4-2.noarch.rpm"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Here, rpmfind searches my local system for exmh. Since exmh is not installed"
" there, rpmfind searches the databases at http://rpmfind.net/ and does two "
"things: it finds exmh, and it learns that exmh depends upon another package:"
" nmh. After double-checking and learning that nmh is not installed on my "
"local system, rpmfind gives me a choice regarding whether I should download "
"both of those packages; rpmfind gives me four possible answers:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "My possible answers were:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "YYes, do download the files."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "NNo, do not download the files."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"AGet all. By default, run in Automatic mode, trying to upgrade packages "
"after they are downloaded"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "IInstall packages after download."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Any user can download packages, but usually only the root user can install "
"packages. Unless you are logged in as root, rpmfind will likely fail to "
"install the downloaded RPMs."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Because I select the \"a\" answer, rpmfind downloads all necessary packages "
"to /tmp and tries to upgrade the packages automatically by running the "
"following command:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In this case, the rpm -U command silently fails, since I am not running it "
"as root and do not have permission to install software."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the name of a package is unknown, rpmfind also supports searching by "
"keywords. The --apropos pattern option tells rpmfind to search through all "
"package descriptions in the databases for the pattern. If I do not know the "
"names of any e-mail clients, I might use this code for my search:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "$ rpmfind --apropos \"mail client\""
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Searching the RPM catalog for mail client ..."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "1:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/7.2/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS//netscape-"
"communicator-4.78-2.i386.rpm"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "netscape-communicator : A Web browser, news reader and e-mail client."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "2:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/7.2/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS//sylpheed-0.5.0-3.i386.rpm"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "sylpheed : A GTK+ based, lightweight, and fast email client."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "&lt;snip&gt;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"364: "
"ftp://ftp.pld.org.pl/PLD-1.0/dists/ra/PLD/SRPMS/SRPMS/sylpheed-0.7.4-1.src.rpm"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "sylpheed : GTK+ based fast e-mail client"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"From my search, rpmfind returns the following output (with most of the "
"entries edited out for space):"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Found 364 packages related to mail client"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"With this command, rpmfind connects to the databases at http://rpmfind.net/ "
"and returns the location of all packages whose description contains the text"
" “mail client”. Notice that 364 packages are found; there are lots of e-mail"
" clients available for Linux! That number, however, is slightly misleading. "
"Some of the packages found are prepared for the distribution I am running "
"(Red Hat Linux version 7.2), but others are not. Result #364, for example, "
"appears to be the Polish(ed) Linux Distribution 1.0 package of sylpheed, the"
" same software offered to me packaged for my Red Hat Linux version 7.2 "
"system in Result #2."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Warning"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Use caution when working with rpmfind. By default, it connects to the "
"databases on the server http://rpmfind.net/ and queries them. These "
"databases are indexes of all RPM-based distributions, and of all versions of"
" each RPM-based distribution, and of all architectures, and of both source "
"and binary RPMs for all these distributions!"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To help you avoid being overwhelmed with results (such as the 364 results I "
"obtain when I search for “mail client”), options are available to fine-tune "
"rpmfind’s searches in various ways. Common options are presented in Table "
"8-1."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Table 8-1SEARCH OPTIONS FOR rpmfind"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Option"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Result"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "-v"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "increases verbosity of output (can be used multiple times)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "-s server"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "connects to a specific rpmfind database server"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "--sources package"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "looks for source RPMs of the package"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "--apropos key word(s)"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "looks by keyword instead of package name"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "--dist dist"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "restricts packages to a specific distribution"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "--latest package"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "finds the most current version of package available"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "--upgrade package"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "finds the most current dependencies available for package"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The rpmfind databases that rpmfind searches are created using the utility "
"rpm2html. If you desire, rpm2html can be used to set up a local mirror of "
"the databases at rpmfind.net or to make a custom database of locally "
"available RPMs for in-house use."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "rpm2html"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The rpm2html utility generates HTML Web pages that describe RPM packages. "
"Very simple in concept, rpm2html has proven very useful over the years."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"With rpm2html, each package is displayed as a single HTML page that "
"describes the package using information much like that returned by the rpm "
"-qi command, covered in <xref linkend=\"ch-using-rpm\" /> . The HTML page "
"also lists the capabilities the package requires and those it provides. This"
" shows the needed dependency information. Finally, the page includes a "
"download link to download the RPM file."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"All packages of the same name, such as the exmh e-mail client, are collected"
" on summary pages. The summary page tries to list all RPMs for all Linux "
"distributions that provide the given package. For exmh, for example, the "
"database as of this writing includes 71 versions of the exmh package, for "
"Conectiva Linux, Mandrake Linux, Yellow Dog PowerPC Linux, and so on. The "
"summary page also links to the URL in the RPMs that is listed as the home "
"page for the application."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Used together with its database, rpm2html provides a powerful RPM-centric "
"search engine. You can find more on rpm2html at rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/ "
"or just access an RPM search site such as rpmfind.net."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In addition to rpm2html, the program pdbv creates a set of cross-linked HTML"
" files that list the packages on your system. Pdbv doesn’t support searching"
" and wasn’t built as a front end for search sites, so it is simpler than "
"rpm2html. Instead, pdbv just creates a set of HTML pages that list data that"
" you can query with the rpm command, including the package descriptions, the"
" capabilities required and provided, as well as all the files in the "
"package."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The primary advantage of pdbv is that it runs relatively quickly to provide "
"you a snapshot of your system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "RPM Sites On the Internet"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In addition to the command-line RPM search tools, a number of Web sites "
"provide handy front ends to databases of available packages. These Web sites"
" make it easy to query for packages and also provide snapshots of what is "
"happening in Linux development, especially with the sites that list recently"
" created RPMs."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The following sections list some of the more popular sites."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"As with anything on the Internet, sites come and go. I’ve used rpmfind.net "
"for years, but it is always possible that any of these sites may suddenly "
"disappear."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "rpmfind.net"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The rpmfind utility is associated with an online database available at "
"www.rpmfind.net. You can search this site and see the results in the same "
"format as that created by the rpm2html utility. In essence, this site acts "
"as an HTML front end to the rpmfind query commands. By providing a search "
"engine accessible from a Web browser, instead of the command line as used by"
" the rpmfind utility, the rpmfind.net site is easy to search and also "
"displays the data in an easier-to-read format."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Use the rpmfind command when you know you want to install something. Use the"
" rpmfind.net Web site when you want to browse through the lists of available"
" RPMs."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "You can download the rpmfind command RPM from the rpmfind.net site."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "freshrpms.net"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The site name,freshrpms.net, is a play on the popular but oddly named Linux "
"site freshmeat.net. The freshmeat.net site provides listings of newly-"
"updated applications for Linux and other operating systems. The "
"freshrpms.net site provides a similar service devoted to freshly-made RPMs."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You don’t always want the most recently made RPMs. Sometimes it's good to "
"wait a while and see if others have faced problems with a given RPM before "
"downloading it."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"One of the best features of the freshrpms.net site is that it also provides "
"links to the RPM spec files for the packages it references. This is a very "
"useful source of examples when you try to build RPMs."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Cross Reference"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "See <xref linkend=\"ch-specfiles\" /> for more on RPM spec files."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "RPM PBone Search"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The site http://rpm.pbone.net/ provides a database of RPM packages you can "
"search. This site also lists quite a few recently created RPMs. In fact, "
"much of the focus here lies in finding the latest updates to the "
"applications you run."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The feature I like most about the PBone search is the ability to specify "
"which Linux distributions to search by using a set of check boxes. Although "
"in theory most Linux RPMs should work on most Linux distributions, I prefer "
"to get something made for and tested on my version of Linux."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Other Sites"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Table 8-2 lists additional sites where you can find RPMs. As with all "
"listings of Internet sites, these may come and go."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Table 8-2MORE RPM SITES"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Site"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Holds"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "http://plf.zarb.org/"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The Penguin Liberation Front has RPMs that for legal reasons cannot be "
"included in the Mandrake Linux distribution."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "www.math.unl.edu/~rdieter/Projects/"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Rex Dieter’s RPM site"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "www.rpmhelp.net/"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Mandrake Linux RPMs"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "www.aucs.org/rpmcenter/"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Edwin Chan's Red Hat RPMs"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "www.owlriver.com/projects/links/"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Owl River Company RPMs"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Graphical RPM Management"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Once appropriate RPMs have been obtained, they have to be installed before "
"the application they provide can be used. You can use the rpm command-line "
"utility to do this. The rpmfind utility also has the capability to launch "
"the rpm utility automatically to install any software located. In addition "
"to these two tools, however, several graphical applications are available "
"that provide basic RPM package-management capabilities. Most of these "
"programs offer easy-to-use GUIs that can be used to install and uninstall "
"packages, to query packages, and to verify installed packages."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Even though Linux and Unix fans generally aren’t bothered by command-line "
"tools such as rpm, many newcomers to Linux fret over the seeming difficulty "
"of the command line. They are more used to graphical applications and, in "
"many cases, are more productive in a graphical environment. Keeping with the"
" Linux tradition of freedom of choice, you can use the command-line tools "
"such as the rpm commandor pick from a variety of graphical tools."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Nautilus"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Nautilus provides a visually appealing file manager that is part of the "
"GNOME desktop. Nautilus acts as a normal file manager that can also display "
"some types of files, such as images. In addition, you can launch "
"applications that Nautilus knows about when you double click files. Figure "
"8-1 shows Nautilus in action."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Insert 54965-0 fg0801.tif"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Figure 8-1: Browsing RPM files with Nautilus."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you double click an RPM file (a file ending with the extension .rpm), "
"Nautilus will install the RPM file. First, though, Nautilus will prompt you "
"for the root password, since you must be logged in as root to install RPMs. "
"Figure 8-2 shows Nautilus prompting for a password."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Insert 54965-0 fg0802.tif"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Figure 8-2: You must be logged in as root to install packages."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After some time processing, you should see the Completed System Preparation "
"window, as shown in Figure 8-3."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Insert 54965-0 fg0803.tif"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Figure 8-3: Installing RPM files with Nautilus."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When you install RPMs with Nautilus, it really runs the Red Hat Package "
"Management tool."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Nautilus only supports RPM functionality starting with Red Hat Linux 8.0. "
"This functionality may not be supported in other versions of Linux."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Red Hat Package Management"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The redhat-config-packages application (say that three times fast) comes new"
" with Red Hat Linux 8.0. You can use the Python program in this package to "
"manage the packages that come with Red Hat Linux, using an interface that is"
" very similar to the Red Hat Linux installation program. This similarity may"
" make it easier for many users to manage their packages, although I found "
"the program a bit short on explanations."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To run this program, you first have to do a bit of searching to find it. It "
"appears under the System Settings menu from the main Red Hat Start menu "
"under the default Bluecurve desktop. Select the Packages choice to launch "
"this program. You can also start the program from the command line with the "
"following command:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "# redhat-config-packages"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This program takes a long time to read in all the information and start up. "
"Once started, the interface provides the same categories and much the same "
"look as the Red Hat Linux installer, as shown in Figure 8-4."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Insert 54965-0 fg0804.tif"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Figure 8-4: The redhat-config-packages package manager."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The packages tool divides the packages into groups. Inside each group, the "
"packages are divided into two sets: standard and extra packages. (Red Hat "
"places the packages into these categories, striving to make a reasonable "
"division among the many packages that come with Linux.) If you click the "
"check box for a group, the tool will queue up all the standard packages "
"within that group for installation. If you uncheck a check box for a group "
"that was checked before, the tool will queue up all the installed packages "
"in that group for removal, both standard and extra."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Installing or removing all the packages in a group when you don’t know what "
"is in the group is not a good idea."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To delve into a group and see what is inside, click the Details link "
"associated with that group. Clicking the Details link will bring up a window"
" where you can check individual packages for installation and uncheck "
"individual packages for removal. Figure 8-5 shows the details of the Web "
"Server group."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Insert 54965-0 fg0805.tif"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Figure 8-5: Package details for the Web Server group."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Once you have selected all the packages you want to install, and unselected "
"all the packages you want to remove, click the Update button on the main "
"window of the package-management tool. After some processing, you should see"
" the Completed System Preparation window, which lists the amount of disk "
"space required for the new packages and the amount that will be freed by the"
" packages to be removed. Figure 8-6 shows this window."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Insert 54965-0 fg0806.tif"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Figure 8-6: The Completed Systems Preparation window."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Click the Show Details button to see a complete list of all the packages to "
"be installed and removed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the packages you choose to install depend on any other packages, the "
"package-management tool will automatically add these packages to the list to"
" be installed. More important, if any packages installed on your system "
"depend on any of the packages you have marked for removal, the tool will add"
" those additional installed packages to the list to be removed. Always "
"examine the Show Details window to see what will really be installed and "
"removed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Figure 8-7 shows the window with the package details."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Insert 54965-0 fg0807.tif"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Figure 8-7: The Show Details window."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The package-management tool worries me. It has an absolutely beautiful look,"
" but it tries to do too much, especially when removing packages. Always use "
"this program with care. I much prefer to just launch it with single packages"
" from the Nautilus file manager."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "KPackage"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"One popular graphical RPM management tool is KPackage, supplied with the KDE"
" Desktop. (You can find this product at www.kde.org). KPackage offers basic "
"package-management functionality. It can install and uninstall packages and "
"display information about installed and available packages’ contents and "
"headers. In addition, KPackage supports a wide variety of package formats in"
" addition to RPMs. Be aware, however, that KPackage cannot automatically "
"resolve dependencies. When you are installing new software packages, any "
"dependencies required by that software must first be manually installed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "When started, KPackage presents a basic two-paned interface."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The left-hand panel lists Installed packages already on the system, Updated "
"packages available to update the system, New packages available for "
"installation, and All packages (both installed and available for "
"installation/upgrade). When displaying package lists, KPackage organizes the"
" displayed packages into categories based on their group."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The right-hand panel lists information about the package currently selected "
"in the left-hand panel. Information displayed includes the package "
"Properties, listing the package’s header, and the File List of files that "
"package owns. Figure 8-8 shows this panel on the right side of the "
"interface."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Note: old fig 8-8 deleted; renumber all remaining to match. Chapter has been"
" changed to reflect deletion."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Insert 54965-0 fg0808.tif"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Figure 8-8: The KPackage interface, showing properties of the selected "
"package"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After packages have been selected, they can be installed or uninstalled, as "
"shown in Figure 8-9"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Insert 54965-0 fg0809.tif"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Figure 8-9: KPackage installs the selected package on your command."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In addition to supporting RPM, KPackage can be used on systems that use "
"other packaging methods. Current versions of KPackage support Debian’s dpkg "
"and the BSD projects’ package formats as well as RPM."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Gnome-RPM"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The GNOME Desktop (www.gnome.org) provides another graphical RPM-management "
"tool, Gnome-RPM. Also known as gnorpm, Gnome-RPM is very similar to KPackage"
" in terms of its basic functionality, although Gnome-RPM can manage only "
"RPMs."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When started, Gnome-RPM presents a hierarchical list of installed packages, "
"arranged by group, as shown in Figure 8-10:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Insert 54965-0 fg0810.tif"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Figure 8-10: The main Gnome-RPM window."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"After a specific package has been selected, you can can query to see its "
"details, as shown in Figure 8-11:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Insert 54965-0 fg0811.tif"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Figure 78-11: Querying the details for a package."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"With Gnome-RPM, you can also filter the list of packages to see only the "
"list of uninstalled RPMs, as shown in Figure 8-12."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Insert 54965-0 fg0812.tif"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Figure 78-12: Filtering to see only the uninstalled packages."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Like KPackage, when installing new software, Gnome-RPM lacks the ability to "
"automatically install any dependencies needed by that software."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Extending RPM Management"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"RPM makes it very easy to install and uninstall software from systems. One "
"simple command installs an entire application onto the computer, and another"
" removes all files associated with an application. Using RPM to install and "
"uninstall software can become tedious in some situations, however. Manually "
"installing software on one system is no great task, but what if that same "
"software package needs to be installed on all the computers in the "
"department? Or on all the computers in a company? Suddenly, that one rpm -i "
"command has become a major chore!"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Similarly, keeping one system up-to-date with the latest vendor errata, "
"although an extremely important administrative task, is not terribly time-"
"consuming or difficult — simply download all the errata and associated "
"packages from the vendor; then use the command rpm -Fvh to install the "
"packages on the system, freshening all installed software with the latest "
"updates of that software."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If several machines are being managed, though, the task becomes slightly "
"more difficult. Now the vendor errata and packages must be manually copied "
"to each machine, and rpm -Fvh must be run on each machine to update it. If "
"many machines are being managed, and those systems are running different "
"versions of the operating system (so that they require different errata), "
"the task becomes even more complicated. Separate errata packages must be "
"downloaded for every operating system version in use; then the appropriate "
"errata collections must be pushed to each machine and manually freshened. To"
" make life as a system administrator even more frustrating, sometimes "
"vendor-supplied errata cannot be installed using the freshen option. A "
"package supplied as one RPM in the initial operating-system release might be"
" split into two RPMs for the errata, for example. When this happens, freshen"
" cannot be used. Instead, the administrator must determine what software is "
"currently installed on the system, and the errata for that software must be "
"manually installed. Typically, this involves several rounds of comparing "
"output from rpm -qa with the list of current errata, using rpm -Uvh to "
"upgrade only the appropriate errata for that system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Worse yet, errata updating should ideally be done on an automatic basis. "
"While rpm commands can be scheduled using system utilities such as cron or "
"at, obviously this cannot be done when the rpm commands to be scheduled need"
" to be interactive."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Installation of new packages can pose problems as well. New software will "
"often have logical dependencies upon other software that is also not "
"currently installed. Although RPM does track software dependencies, it does "
"not magically find all dependencies an application needs, nor does it "
"automatically install them along with the initial application. Instead, all "
"required “helper” applications must be searched out and manually installed. "
"Then the desired software can be installed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"These and similar problems are very common in the real world. Typically, "
"system administrators manage as many as 200 or more systems. Manually "
"logging into 200 systems and executing an rpm -i command every time another "
"application is needed is not practical. Even when managing one system, "
"downloading errata and manually installing it regularly quickly becomes "
"tedious."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Like any regular system-administration task, it should be automated. When "
"installing new software on machines, managing dependencies and downloading "
"and installing required support software becomes tiresome as well."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To aid with these common problems, a variety of helper applications are "
"available for RPM. These management aids can perform functions such as "
"automatically managing dependencies. When an application is being installed "
"using one of these helpers, the utility also finds and installs any required"
" dependencies. Similarly, when errata are being installed, these management "
"aids can automatically determine which errata are needed by the current "
"system, even in situations in which rpm -F does not work. Some of these "
"tools can even be used to manage clusters of computers. Running one command "
"applies the RPM install or delete on the entire group of machines. All of "
"these commands are designed with scriptability in mind, making them perfect "
"for use automatically via tools such as cron or at."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "AutoRPM"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"One popular tool to lessen the work involved with administering RPM-based "
"systems is AutoRPM. Written by Kirk Bauer, AutoRPM is available under a free"
" MIT-style license from the home page www.autorpm.org."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A Perl script, AutoRPM provides several features that make it especially "
"useful. First, it can create local mirrors of RPM repositories. Typically, "
"this feature might be used to create a local archive of errata for a Linux "
"distribution. AutoRPM can also compare all currently installed RPMs against "
"a list stored elsewhere. This list can be either an FTP site or a directory "
"on the local system. After comparing the currently-installed RPMs against "
"the list, AutoRPM can then update any packages from the list site that are "
"newer than what is installed on the local system. This way, you can define "
"one site or directory as the master site of the package versions that need "
"to get installed on all systems and let AutoRPM ensure that all computers on"
" your network are up to date."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Together, these two functions make AutoRPM very convenient for keeping "
"systems current with all errata the vendor releases. They can also be used "
"to create a method of distributing software to a network of systems. For "
"example, every workstation in the department can run AutoRPM, configured to "
"watch a common directory on a local NFS server. Installing new software on "
"every workstation in the department occurs simply by copying an RPM of the "
"software into that directory, letting AutoRPM do the rest of the work."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"AutoRPM is designed to be used both automatically from cron and "
"interactively from the command line. By default, AutoRPM runs via a nightly "
"cron job and downloads all updates for software currently installed on the "
"system. It then stores these updates in a local directory, typically "
"/var/spool/autorpm, and e-mails an administrator a notification on the new "
"updates. The administrator can then log onto the system and manually install"
" the updates using the rpm command. AutoRPM can also be easily configured to"
" install automatically any new packages it downloads. If AutoRPM is so "
"configured, the system administrator does not even have to log in and run "
"rpm commands to keep the system up-to-date!"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In interactive mode, AutoRPM provides a basic set of commands, listed in "
"Table 8-2."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Table 8-2Basic AutoRPM commands"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Command"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Usage"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "?"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "displays help on the various commands"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Help"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Info"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "displays information about an RPM"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Fullinfo"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "displays complete information about an RPM"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Install"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "installs RPMs onto the system"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Add"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "adds RPMs to the queue of RPMs to be processed"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Remove"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "deletes RPMs from the queue of RPMs waiting to be processed"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "List"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "displays all RPMs currently in the queue waiting to be processed"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Cd"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "changes the local directory"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Auto"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "executes commands defined in the system-wide configuration file"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Set"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "displays or modifies current AutoRPM settings"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Abort"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "exits without saving changes"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Exit"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Exits and saves changes"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The commands that manipulate RPMs (such as install, used to install an RPM) "
"accept as arguments both paths to RPM files on the local system, and also "
"URLs pointing to RPMs on an FTP repository. In addition, they support wild "
"cards and directory accesses, so a command such as install "
"ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/updates/current/* can be used to "
"install all errata for the current release of Red Hat Linux."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In addition to interactive mode, AutoRPM provides a noninteractive mode, "
"suitable for use through cron. In noninteractive mode, invoked by the "
"command autorpm --notty auto, AutoRPM consults the configuration file "
"/etc/autorpm.conf to decide what to do. By default, "
"/etc/autorpm.d/autorpm.conf is configured to download, but not automatically"
" install, all errata for the release of Red Hat Linux running on the local "
"system. Editing this file makes it possible to use AutoRPM to download all "
"errata — or errata for other Linux distributions — or to install errata "
"automatically once downloaded."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Typically, AutoRPM is used to automate installation of errata updates and "
"other software on all machines in the enterprise. To do this, one machine is"
" selected to serve as a file server. On it, AutoRPM is configured to "
"download and install all errata. The directory where the errata are stored "
"on that server is then exported to the other machines in the enterprise, "
"which also run AutoRPM. These other machines have AutoRPM configured to "
"install all files that the file server exports. Using a configuration such "
"as this, all machines in the enterprise get all security updates "
"automatically installed. In addition, installing a desired new software "
"application on all hosts in the enterprise can be done simply by copying an "
"RPM of the application onto the file server, making it available for the "
"AutoRPM nightly updates to access and install automatically."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "AutoUpdate"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"AutoUpdate, written by Gerald Teschl, is another Perl script that can be "
"used to automate RPM downloads or installations. Available freely under the "
"terms of the GNU GPL from www.mat.univie.ac.at/~gerald/ftp/autoupdate, "
"AutoUpdate is very similar to AutoRPM in terms of both functionality and "
"potential applications. Unlike AutoRPM, AutoUpdate offers no interactive "
"capability. However, AutoUpdate does have the capability to manage "
"dependencies correctly; when using AutoUpdate to install software that "
"depends upon other uninstalled software, AutoUpdate attempts to resolve the "
"dependencies and to install all necessary software packages."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"AutoUpdate bases all decisions about what software to download or install "
"upon its configuration file, /etc/autoupdate.d/autoupdate.conf. By default, "
"AutoUpdate provides several additional configuration files pre-defined for "
"downloading updates for the most popular RPM-based Linux distributions (Red "
"Hat Linux, Mandrake Linux, Caldera/SCO OpenLinux, and SUSE Linux). The "
"autoupdate.conf file can be modified to configure AutoUpdate to install "
"software automatically."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Table 8-3 lists the five commands that compose all the utilities provided by"
" AutoUpdate:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Table 8-3AutoUpdate commands"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "autodld"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "downloads updated versions of all installed software"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "autoget"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "downloads specific RPMs from remote sites"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "autoupd"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "installs more recent versions of currently installed software"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "autoins"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "installs specific applications"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "automerge"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"merges new RPMs into an existing directory of RPMs, removing any old "
"versions"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "autopurge"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "removes old RPMs from an existing directory of RPMs."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"These tools can access remote files by using a variety of methods. Like "
"AutoRPM, AutoUptodate can download files if given an FTP URL. AutoUpdate can"
" also access HTTP URLs and local files. Its additional dependency-tracking "
"functionality and support for additional file-access methods make it "
"suitable for use in cases where AutoRPM might be inappropriate. AutoUpdate "
"cannot be used interactively, however, making AutoRPM more useful for "
"nonautomated purposes."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Red Hat Network and up2date"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Some vendors of RPM-based Linux distributions also provide utilities that "
"can help with management of the distributions they create. Red Hat has "
"created two complementary products, the Red Hat Network (RHN) and up2date, "
"which together provide much the same functionality for managing Red Hat "
"Linux installations as tools such as AutoUpdate and AutoRPM, as well as "
"offering more advanced features."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Red Hat Network is a subscription-based service offered by Red Hat Red Hat "
"Network makes software available for installation via the network. (A free "
"evaluation is also available.) After registering machines with Red Hat "
"Network, administrators can pull updates or new software for installation to"
" those registered machines. In addition, administrators have access to a "
"Web-based administrative console from which they can view the systems they "
"manage and can push software out to those systems."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Red Hat offers two tiers of access to Red Hat Network. Basic Service "
"subscriptions to Red Hat Network provide the ability to manage single "
"systems. Multiple machines can be subscribed by the same administrator for "
"Basic Service level Red Hat Network access, but they must all be managed "
"independently. The administrator must push out errata to each machine "
"separately. Workgroup Service subscriptions provide the same functionality "
"as Basic Service subscriptions, but they also provide the ability to group "
"multiple machines for simultaneous administration. All errata updates for "
"all machines subscribed to Workgroup Service can be pushed out by a single "
"action, for example. Furthermore, Workgroup Service subscriptions can allow "
"management by multiple administrators if desired, making it possible for "
"large organizations to share responsibilities among administrators."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When using Red Hat Network to manage machines with Workgroup Service "
"subscriptions, Red Hat also offers two optional services: Red Hat Network "
"Proxy Server and Red Hat Network Satellite. The Red Hat Network Proxy Server"
" is, as its name suggests, a proxy server for the Red Hat Network. Using it,"
" errata pushed out via Red Hat Network is downloaded by the organization "
"(only once) to a central server in-house. All machines in that organization "
"subscribed to Red Hat Network get their updated software from that in-house "
"proxy server, significantly reducing the network bandwidth requirements "
"needed to keep large organizations up to date."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In addition, the Red Hat Network Proxy Server can be used to provide all "
"subscribed machines with software not provided with Red Hat Linux. Custom "
"“channels” of supplemental software can be created on the Proxy Server, and "
"machines can be subscribed to those channels as desired. Using this feature,"
" different departments in the organization with different software needs can"
" create independent channels for each department, ensuring that machines get"
" only the software needed on them. Similarly, distinct channels can be "
"created for separate classes of machines, ensuring that servers get only "
"software appropriate for server machines and that desktops only get only "
"software that desktop machines need."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The Red Hat Network is normally centrally administered through Red Hat. "
"Machines subscribed to the Red Hat Network have a system profile on file "
"with Red Hat that details the system’s essential configuration information "
"(what software is installed on it, what CPU architecture it contains, and so"
" forth) needed to determine which software errata are appropriate for that "
"system. Similarly, the Web console through which machines subscribed to Red "
"Hat Network can be administered is also located on a Red Hat server. "
"Customers wishing to use Red Hat Network services, but not wanting the "
"dependency upon Internet access to Red Hat, can create an in-house Red Hat "
"Network by using the Red Hat Network Satellite. This solution is often "
"practical for customers who need to keep system information confidential or "
"for customers whose systems are not able to access the Internet."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Red Hat provides several interfaces for administering machines subscribed to"
" the Red Hat Network. A Web-management console is available at "
"https://rhn.redhat.com/. Administrators of machines subscribed to any level "
"of the Red Hat Network can simply log into this Web site and perform a "
"variety of package-management operations from their Web browsers. In "
"addition to viewing other things, administrators can see what software is "
"currently installed, select and install Red Hat Linux errata or new "
"software, or schedule a time for automatic installation of Red Hat Linux "
"errata."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When using Red Hat Network, rhnsd is a client-side daemon that should be run"
" on subscribed systems. It periodically launches a helper utility, "
"rhn_check, which connects to the Red Hat Network servers and checks for any "
"actions (such as a scheduled installation of errata) that an administrator "
"has selected in the Web console. If any actions have been scheduled for that"
" client machine, rhn_check on the client initiates those actions. By "
"default, rhnsd runs rhn_check every two hours. This time can be increased to"
" check for configuration changes as frequently as every hour if necessary."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In addition, Red Hat provides client-side tools that can be used in a more "
"interactive fashion to connect to the Red Hat Network from subscribed "
"systems. The up2date program provides a graphical and command-line tool that"
" can be used to install packages from Red Hat Network servers. When "
"installing a new package, up2date automatically installs any necessary "
"dependencies the package requires, making it a very convenient tool for "
"adding software to the system. up2date can also be run in update mode, thus "
"telling it to install all updates available for the software already "
"installed on the system. Commonly used options with up2date include those "
"listed in Table 8-4."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Table 8-4Options for the up2date command"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "--configure"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Start a dialog for configuring up2date options"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "-d"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Download packages but do not install them"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "-f"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Force packages to be installed, even if they have been marked to be skipped"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "-i"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Download and install packages"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "-l"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "List available updated versions of already installed packages"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "--showall"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"List all available packages, including packages not currently installed at "
"all"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "-k"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "List local directories containing packages"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "--nosig"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Disable GPG package signature checking"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "--src"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Download both source and binary RPMs"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "--nosrc"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Do not download source RPMs"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "-p"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Update the list of installed packages associated with this computer in the "
"Red Hat Network database"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "--whatprovides"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Ask the RHN servers which packages will resolve the listed dependencies"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "--solvedeps"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Ask the RHN servers which packages will resolve the listed dependencies, "
"then downloads and installs those packages"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "--tmpdir"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Specify the temporary directory to which packages should be downloaded"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "-u"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Update all software currently installed on the system to the latest "
"available version"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "--nox"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Short for No X, this disables the X-based GUI, instead using only the "
"command-line interface"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Provide more verbose output"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Current"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The up2date command, the Red Hat Network client software, is open-source "
"software released by Red Hat under the terms of the GNU GPL. Red Hat Network"
" Proxy Server and Red Hat Network Satellite, the server applications with "
"which up2date interacts, are not freely available, open-source applications."
" For this reason, an effort is underway to develop servers available under "
"the terms of the GNU GPL that can be used with up2date clients. The main "
"program in this effort is called current, which refers to keeping your "
"systems current."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The current server can be downloaded from http://current.tigris.org. "
"Although not yet as functional as Red Hat Network Proxy Server or Red Hat "
"Network Satellite, current can already be used to create a RPM repository "
"from which up2date-using clients can retrieve and install software. More "
"advanced features, such as support for multiple “channels” of software, will"
" be added to current in future releases."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "urpmi and RpmDrake"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Mandrake provides a set of software similar to the combination of up2date "
"and Red Hat Network or current that can be used with the Mandrake Linux "
"distribution. Links to the source code for the Mandrake applications can be "
"found at www.linux-mandrake.com/cooker/urpmi.html. This suite of "
"applications is typically referred to as urpmi and includes both the urpmi "
"command and several helper applications. urpmi itself is a command that acts"
" as a wrapper around the rpm command. When given the name of a package to "
"install, urpmi determines what dependencies, if any, required by the "
"application are not already resolved and offers to install the packages "
"necessary to fulfill those dependencies."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When installing packages, urpmi can install from a variety of sources: FTP "
"repositories, Web servers, local or NFS directories, and removable media "
"such as CD-ROMs. The helper application urpmi.addmedia is used to add "
"package sources, and the corresponding utility urpmi.removemedia is used to "
"remove package sources no longer desired."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Mandrake’s urpmi program includes one very handy feature. It comes with an "
"autoirpm helper utility that can be used to configure the system to install "
"packages on demand. This is done by running the command autoirpm.update-all,"
" an application that scans all packages available for installation via "
"urpmi. For every package available through urpmi, autoirpm.update-all "
"determines what executable programs it provides, and it creates a symbolic "
"link from that executable’s name to the autoirpm script. Attempting to "
"execute such a symbolic link executes autoirpm, which in turn automatically "
"uses urpmi to install the associated package. The result: on-demand "
"installation of packages when users on the system attempt to execute the "
"programs that those packages provide."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Two different interfaces are available for urpmi. The urpmi command starts "
"up urpmi in command-line mode, and the gurpmi command (or urpmi --X) starts "
"urpmi in a graphical X-based mode. In addition, Mandrake provides a more "
"full-featured graphical application: RpmDrake. RpmDrake provides the same "
"package-management capabilities as urpmi, including the capability to "
"install all required dependencies whenever installing any new packages."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "apt-rpm"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Another free RPM management utility is available that provides many of the "
"features of both vendor solutions such as up2date or urpmi and of third-"
"party utilities such as autoUpdate or KPackage. This tool is apt-rpm, a port"
" of the Debian Project’s excellent apt (Advanced Package Tool) software."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The Debian Project (www.debian.org/) is a nonprofit volunteer group that "
"develops a Linux distribution, Debian GNU/Linux. The group uses a different "
"package format, dpkg, which was developed independently of and simultaneous "
"to Red Hat’s creation of RPM. The two formats, dpkg and RPM, are very "
"similar in terms of utility and functionality. In addition to having created"
" a package format, the Debian Project later developed a collection of "
"software, apt, which could be used to manage and install dpkg-format "
"software. And, since Debian distributions are typically installed over the "
"Internet, this apt software has to supply advanced distributed package "
"management functionality."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In many respects, Debian’s implementation of apt is very similar to the "
"functionality provided by Red Hat’s up2date/Red Hat Network products or "
"Mandrake’s urpmi software. On Debian systems, apt is a client tool used to "
"select and install new software packages or to update existing packages "
"already installed on the system. To do this, it accesses a user-configured "
"list of resources that supply new packages; these resources are typically "
"the Debian Project’s FTP or Web servers, though they can also be CD-ROMs or "
"local or remote file systems. For apt to be able to download packages from a"
" resource such as a CD-ROM or an FTP server, that resource must supply two "
"things: the software packages being downloaded and a database supplying "
"metadata about all the packages in the repository. These resource databases "
"are essential for apt to operate. For this reason, apt can only be used to "
"update systems from apt-capable repositories."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Although apt was created by the Debian Project and designed for dpkg-format "
"software packages, nothing about apt requires that it inherently be usable "
"only with dpkg-format packages. Because of this, and because of its powerful"
" capabilities, Conectiva, a Brazilian Linux distribution vendor "
"(www.conectiva.com), extended apt to support management of RPM packages in "
"addition to dpkg packages. Conectiva’s work, commonly referred to as apt-"
"rpm, makes the apt client software available for use on any RPM-based Linux "
"distribution. Conectiva also provides its customers with access to apt-"
"capable FTP servers. A related project, apt4rpm "
"(http://apt4rpm.sourceforge.net/), supplies the necessary utilities that can"
" be used to make any RPM repository apt-capable. By creating apt-capable "
"servers using apt4rpm and then installing apt-rpm on the client systems, any"
" RPM-based distribution, such as Red Hat Linux, Mandrake Linux, Caldera/SCO "
"OpenLinux, or SUSE Linux, can then be easily managed using apt."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The freshrpms.net site, mentioned previously, provides a touted apt "
"repository."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Administrators managing multiple dispersed machines as well as those used to"
" Debian administration often find it useful to configure their machines to "
"use apt; its dependency tracking is far better than any other tool, except "
"for Red Hat’s up2date/RHN combination. To use apt, administrators must "
"install it on their machines and have access to an apt-capable RPM "
"repository for the distribution they use. Several public FTP sites that "
"support apt are now available for most of the major RPM-based distributions."
" Also, the administrator can create another apt-capable repository."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Configuration of machines to use apt is simple. The apt and libapt RPMs "
"simply need to be installed. Although binaries are sometimes available, the "
"best success can usually be obtained by building binary RPMs from the latest"
" Conectiva apt SRPM (source RPM), available at "
"ftp://ftp.conectiva.com/pub/conectiva/EXPERIMENTAL/apt/."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Once apt and libapt RPMs are installed, the sources.list file in /etc/apt "
"needs to be modified to reference the apt-capable software site that will be"
" used. For example, to configure a machine to access the apt-capable Red Hat"
" Linux 7.2 software distributed by the Tuxfamily.org server, the "
"/etc/apt/sources.list file needs to list:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "rpm http://apt-rpm.tuxfamily.org/apt redhat-7.2-i386/redhat os"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "rpm http://apt-rpm.tuxfamily.org/apt redhat-updates-7.2/redhat os"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"These two lines, respectively, access the Red Hat Linux 7.2 and Red Hat "
"Linux 7.2 errata RPMs being served by the system apt-rpm.tuxfamily.org. If "
"you also want access to source RPMs, the following lines are necessary as "
"well."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "rpm-src http://apt-rpm.tuxfamily.org/apt redhat-7.2-i386/redhat os"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "rpm-src http://apt-rpm.tuxfamily.org/apt redhat-updates-7.2/redhat os"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In addition to, or instead of, using public apt-capable servers, many sites "
"want to create their own apt servers. If apt is being used to manage all the"
" machines in the enterprise, a custom apt server might be needed that "
"contains apt-accessible RPMs of all the custom software used in the "
"enterprise. This can be done using the tools provided by the apt4rpm package"
" (http://apt4rpm.sourceforge.net)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Once apt has been installed on clients, and the clients have been configured"
" to access an apt-capable server, keeping systems updated is simple. The "
"command apt-get update updates the client system’s apt database of available"
" software, after which the command apt-get upgrade upgrades all currently "
"installed software to the latest version available in the software "
"repository. By listing a site that provides vendor errata updates in "
"/etc/apt/sources.list and then setting up a nightly cron job to run the apt-"
"get upgrade command, administrators can be sure that client systems always "
"have the latest errata installed. You can use a similar technique to ensure "
"that all client systems are always up to date with the latest custom in-"
"house applications. To do this, set up your own apt server and ensure that "
"the latest custom applications are placed on the apt server."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In addition, apt simplifies interactive installation of RPMs on systems that"
" are using it. The command apt-get install package retrieves the named RPM "
"from the apt-capable software repository and installs it. If the package "
"requires any dependencies that are not already resolved, apt will ask for "
"confirmation, then download and install the package and all dependencies. "
"Similarly, apt-get remove package uninstalls the named RPM. If any other "
"packages depend on it, it will prompt for confirmation, then uninstall the "
"named RPM and all of its dependencies."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In addition to these command-line utilities, several graphical front-end "
"tools for manipulating apt are currently being ported for use with apt-rpm. "
"Because of its ease of use for automating installation of system errata and "
"necessary custom software, and because of the excellent dependency tracking "
"it provides for interactive installation and uninstallation of software, "
"apt-rpm can be excellent for managing RPM-based systems."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The poldek"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Also similar to the Debian apt tool, a utility called the poldek works like "
"apt-get. The poldek was designed to quickly scan through dependencies and "
"install a number of packages at once. You can specify all the packages to "
"install in a file."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The poldek automatically downloads any needed dependencies. The poldek can "
"download files over the Internet and also help create the packages for "
"storage on CD-ROMs. The poldek optimizes the set of packages to reduce the "
"number of times users have to switch CDs."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "For more on the poldek, see poldek.pld.org.pl."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Summary"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This chapter has covered a number of tools for finding packages in RPM "
"format, as well as tools to help manage the RPMs on your system. The rpm "
"command does a great job of installing, removing, and upgrading packages. "
"You can use it or choose from one of the many graphical RPM management tools"
" shown in this chapter."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The rpmfind utility helps find RPM packages on Internet servers. You can use"
" rpmfind to find the latest version of the packages installed on your "
"system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The Nautilus file manager allows you to browse files on disk, and it "
"installs any RPM files you double-click."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Red Hat Linux 8 comes with a new package-management tool available from the "
"System Settings menu. Be careful with this tool, though, as it automatically"
" installs--and removes--dependent packages."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"AutoRPM and AutoUpdate provide utilites that you can run periodically to "
"ensure that your systems are up to date. The Red Hat Network and up2date "
"also provides this capability."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The Debian GNU/Linux apt system provides many of the same capabilities as "
"RPM, along with the network-updating capabilities of up2date and the Red Hat"
" Network. You can use special apt packages that adapt apt for RPM-based "
"Linux distributions and get the best of both the RPM system and the apt "
"system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The next chapter starts the major section on creating RPMs. The RPM system "
"reduces a lot of the burden of administering Linux systems. You can take "
"advantage of this when building any sort of software for distribution--or "
"even when managing your own system."
msgstr ""