# AUTHOR , YEAR. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Fedora RPM Guide\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2011-03-02T00:57:13\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2011-08-21 08:40+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Automatically generated\n" "Language-Team: Lithuanian (Lithuania) (http://www.transifex.net/projects/p/fedora/team/lt_LT/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Language: lt_LT\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2)\n" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "RPM Overview" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "This chapter covers:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Understanding the package file" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Querying the RPM database" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Running RPM commands" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Working with RPM packages, files, commands, and databases can be " "complicated. There are thousands of files, for hundreds if not thousands of " "packages, installed on your system. You need some way to manage it all. The " "RPM system can help you do that." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "This chapter provides an overview of the components that make up the RPM " "system for package management: package files, databases, and RPM commands." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Understanding the Package File" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "RPM provides for installing, upgrading and removing packages. Typically, " "each package is an application and all the necessary files associated with " "that application. For example, the Apache Web server comes with a number of " "configuration files, a large set of documentation files, and the Apache " "server itself. All of this fits into one RPM package." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "One of the main advantages of the RPM system is that each .rpm file holds a " "complete package. For example, the following file holds the " "mlocate package:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "mlocate-0.22.2-2.i686.rpm" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Based on the naming conventions discussed in , this package represents mlocate package, version " "0.22.2, second build of an RPM package, for i686 (Intel) architecture " "systems." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "With a single command, you can copy an .rpm file to another Linux system and" " install it, getting the complete contents of the package, or you can use " "other commands to remove or update the package." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "RPM file format" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "RPM files hold a number of tagged data items and a payload, the files to " "install on your system. The tagged data items describe the package and can " "contain optional features. For example, the NAME tag holds the package name." " The optional PRE tag holds a pre-installation script, a script that the rpm" " command runs prior to installing the files in the package payload." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Under the covers, RPM package files contain four sections. The first is a " "leading identification area that marks the file as an RPM package (created " "with a particular version of the RPM system). The remaining sections are the" " signature, the tagged data (called the header), and the payload. Each of " "these sections has important information about the package, although the " "payload section contains the actual content of the package." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #, no-c-format msgid "Signature" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The signature appears after the lead or identifier section, which marks the " "file as an RPM file. Like your signature when you sign a check, the RPM " "signature helps verify the integrity of the package. No, the signature " "doesn’t check for bugs in software applications. Instead, it ensures that " "you have downloaded a valid RPM archive." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The signature works by performing a mathematical function on the header and " "archive sections of the file. The mathematical function can be an encryption" " process, such as PGP (Pretty Good Privacy), or a message digest in MD5 " "format." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #, no-c-format msgid "Header" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The header contains zero or more tagged blocks of data that pertain to the " "package. The header contains information such as copyright messages, version" " numbers, and package summaries." msgstr "" #. Tag: term #, no-c-format msgid "Payload" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The payload section contains the actual files used in the package. These " "files are installed when you install the package. To save space, data in the" " payload section is compressed in GNU gzip format." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Once uncompressed, the data is in cpio format, which is " "how the rpm2cpio command (introduced in the \"Other RPM " "commands\" section later in this chapter) can do its work." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Binary RPMs and Source RPMs" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are two main types of RPM packages: binary (or applications) and " "source. A binary RPM has been compiled for a particular architecture. For " "example, the Apache Web server compiled for an Intel Pentium, or i686, " "architecture won’t work on a Sharp Zaurus, which runs an Intel ARM " "processor. To run on both systems, you would need two separate packages: one" " for the Pentium i686 and one for the ARM." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "In addition to binary RPMs, you can get source code RPMs. These RPMs are " "packages that provide the source code for other packages." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Binary RPMs" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Binary RPMs hold complete applications or libraries of functions compiled " "for a particular architecture. Most binary RPMs contain complete " "applications, such as the Apache Web server or the AbiWord word processor. " "These application binary RPMs usually depend on a number of system libraries" " which are, in turn, also provided by binary RPMs." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Finding More Software" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" " covers a number of locations " "where you can find RPM applications galore. Your Linux installation CDs or " "DVDs are also a great source for applications. Most Linux distributions come" " with more applications than you can imagine using." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Although most binary RPMs are complete applications, others provide " "libraries. For example, the Simple DirectMedia Layer library (SDL), which " "provides graphics for many games, can be packaged as an RPM file. A number " "of programs, mostly games, use this library for enhanced multimedia such as " "rich graphics. RPMs that provide libraries allow multiple applications to " "share the same library. Typically, the libraries are packaged into separate " "RPMs from the applications." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "In addition to binary RPMs that hold applications or libraries compiled for " "a particular architecture, RPM supports the concept of platform-independent " "binary RPMs. These platform-independent RPMs, called noarch as a shorted " "form of “no architecture” dependencies, provide applications or libraries " "that are not dependent on any platform. Applications written in Perl, " "Python, or other scripting languages often do not depend on code compiled " "for a particular architecture. In addition, compiled Java applications are " "usually free of platform dependencies." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Source RPMs" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The mlocate package, mentioned previously, contains the" " mlocate application used to search for files on the " "system. The source code used to create this application is stored in an " "mlocate source RPM, for example:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "mlocate-0.22.2-2.src.rpm" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "By convention, source RPMs have a file name ending in .src.rpm." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Source RPMs should contain all the commands, usually in scripts, necessary " "to recreate the binary RPM. Having a source RPM means that you can recreate " "the binary RPM at any time. This is a very important goal of the RPM system." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Source RPMs and Open Source Licencing" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Source RPMs have nothing to do with open-source software licenses. Linux is " "famous for being an open-source operating system. In RPM terms, that means " "the source code for the Linux kernel and most Linux applications are freely " "available as source RPMs. But you can also make source RPMs for proprietary " "programs. The key issue is that you are unlikely to distribute the source " "RPMs for proprietary packages." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Furthermore, a number of open-source applications are not available as " "source RPMs. That's a shame, since source RPMs would make these applications" " easier to install." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "While source RPMs hold the commands necessary to create the binary RPM, " "there may be differences in your Linux environment that would result in " "rebuilding a binary RPM that is different from the original binary RPM. For " "example, the compile scripts for some packages may add in optional code " "depending on which libraries or which versions of libraries are found on " "your system. covers many issues" " in creating RPMs, and and cover issues related to other versions of Linux " "and other operating systems, respectively. If you follow the guidelines when" " making your own RPMs, you should result in source RPMs that reproduce " "binary RPMs as consistently as possible." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Querying the RPM Database" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The RPM database holds information about all the RPM packages installed on " "your system. You can use this database to query what is installed, to help " "determine if you have the latest versions of software, and to verify that " "your system is properly set up, at least from a packaging point of view." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The RPM database itself is stored in the directory " "/var/lib/rpm/, and should contain files like the " "following:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Basenames" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Conflictname" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "__db.001" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "__db.002" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "__db.003" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Dirnames" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Filemd5s" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Group" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Installtid" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Name" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Packages" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Providename" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Provideversion" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Pubkeys" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Requirename" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Requireversion" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Sha1header" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Sigmd5" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Triggername" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "The RPM Database" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid " covers the database in more detail." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "These files make up the RPM database. The file __db.001" " and similar files are lock files used by the RPM system. The other files " "are databases in Berkeley DB format. The most important file is " "Packages. The Packages file " "contains the header tag information for each package indexed by an index " "number for each package. This number slowly grows with time." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The other files, such as Name, " "Providename, and Group, exist to " "speed access to particular types of information. Treat your RPM database " "with care. Back up the files, especially after upgrading, installing, or " "removing packages." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Recreating The RPM Database" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Only the Packages file is essential. You can recreate " "the rest of the files using the rpm " " command, introduced in ." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Running RPM Commands" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The primary RPM command is simply rpm. One of the " "original goals of the RPM system is providing ease of use. In support of " "this goal, just about everything you want to do with the RPM system can be " "done with this one command. For most usage, the command-line parameters to " "the rpm command determine the actions it should take." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Working with the rpm command" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The rpm command performs the most common package-" "management functions, along with a host of uncommon functions as well. The " "table below lists the main operations you can perform with the " "rpm command and the command-line options to specify the " "given operations." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "The main rpm operations" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "Operation" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "Short Option" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "Long Option" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "Upgrade/install" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "-U" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "--upgrade" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "Install" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "-I" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "--install" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "Remove" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "-e" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "--erase" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "Query" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "-q" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "--query" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "Verify" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "-V" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "--verify" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "Check signature" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "-K" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "--checksig" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "Freshen (upgrade) already-installed package" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "-F" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "--freshen" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "Initialize database" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "None" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "--initdb" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "Rebuild database" msgstr "" #. Tag: entry #, no-c-format msgid "--rebuilddb" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Using this table as a guide, you can explore the options to the " "rpm command. To install or upgrade a package, use the " " command-line option:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "" "\n" "rpm -U filename.rpm\n" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "For example, to install the mlocate RPM used as an " "example in this chapter, run the following command:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "" "\n" "rpm -U mlocate-0.22.2-2.i686.rpm\n" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "To get extra feedback, you can use a command like the following, with the " " and options in conjunction with the " " option:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "" "\n" "rpm -Uhv mlocate-0.22.2-2.i686.rpm\n" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "When you run this command you will see more output than the default, which " "is no output unless there are errors. With the option, " "the rpm command will print a series of hash marks, #, to " "provide feedback that the command is still running. With the " " option, the rpm command provides more" " verbose messages." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Installing a Package" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "The most common command to install a package is:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "" "\n" "rpm -Uhv package_file.rpm\n" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "This command upgrades a package with extra output. If the package has not " "been installed, this command installs the package. See for more on upgrading and installing." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "To remove a package (called erase in RPM terminology), use the " " command-line option:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "" "\n" "rpm –e package_name\n" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Using File Extensions" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Notice that you install a package file using the file name that ends in " ".rpm, but uninstall or erase a package without the .rpm extension. This is " "because you install RPM files, but once installed, you work with the " "installed packages. The file name and the package name do not have to " "correspond, but typically (and sanely) they have the same base name." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "To list every RPM package installed on your system, use a command like the " "following." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "" "\n" "rpm –qa\n" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Expect to wait while this command completes. Most Linux systems have " "numerous packages installed, which will result in many lines of output. To " "better see the output, you can pipe this command to the more command, as " "shown following:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "" "\n" "rpm –qa | more\n" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "You will then see the package listing one screen at a time." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "rpm Options" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" " lists all the options for the " "rpm command." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Other RPM commands" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "In addition to rpm, the RPM system includes a few more " "commands, including rpmbuild and " "rpm2cpio." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The rpmbuild command helps build RPM packages. Its usage " "is discussed in depth in Part II of this book." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The rpm2cpio command exports an RPM package file into the" " format that the cpio command expects. The " "cpio command works with many tape-backup packages. You " "can also take advantage of the fact that cpio can list " "the individual files in a cpio archive or extract " "files. To list the files in an RPM package, use a command like the " "following:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "" "\n" "rpm2cpio package_file.rpm | cpio –t\n" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "For example, the following command lists all the files in the " "mlocate package:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "" "\n" "rpm2cpio mlocate-0.22.2-2.i686.rpm | cpio –t\n" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "To display:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "" "\n" "\n" "./etc/cron.daily/mlocate.cron\n" "./etc/updatedb.conf\n" "./usr/bin/locate\n" "./usr/bin/updatedb\n" "./usr/share/doc/mlocate-0.22.2\n" "./usr/share/doc/mlocate-0.22.2/AUTHORS\n" "./usr/share/doc/mlocate-0.22.2/COPYING\n" "./usr/share/doc/mlocate-0.22.2/NEWS\n" "./usr/share/doc/mlocate-0.22.2/README\n" "./usr/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/cs/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/da/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/hu/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/ms/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/pt/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/sr/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/sr@latin/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/mlocate.mo\n" "./usr/share/man/man1/locate.1.gz\n" "./usr/share/man/man5/mlocate.db.5.gz\n" "./usr/share/man/man5/updatedb.conf.5.gz\n" "./usr/share/man/man8/updatedb.8.gz\n" "./var/lib/mlocate\n" "555 blocks\n" "\n" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The rpm2cpio command can also help if you want to extract" " a single file from the RPM package, using the cpio " " command-line options, as follows:" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "" "\n" " rpm2cpio mlocate-0.22.2-2.i686.rpm | cpio –ivd\n" " usr/share/doc/mlocate-0.22.2/README\n" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "This command will output local " "usr/share/doc/mlocate-0.22.2/README subdirectories and " "the README file located under " "usr/share/doc/mlocate-0.22.2." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The option tells cpio to extract " "files. The option tells cpio to make " "any local subdirectories as needed " "(usr/share/doc/mlocate-0.22.2, in this example), and " "the option asks cpio to politely " "output verbose messages about what it does. Of course, verbose is in the eye" " of the beholder; with many Unix and Linux commands, verbose output is still" " somewhat terse." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Summary" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The RPM files, the RPM database, and the RPM commands are the primary " "components that make up the RPM system. This chapter introduces you to the " "format and types of RPM files, the importance of maintaining the database, " "and the basic rpm command." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The next chapter covers the most frequently used RPM commands. These " "commands allow you to install, uninstall, and update RPM packages." msgstr ""