# AUTHOR , YEAR. # # neb , 2011. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Fedora Virtualization Guide\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2011-03-02T01:07:51\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2011-07-30 07:00+0000\n" "Last-Translator: shaiton \n" "Language-Team: French \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Language: fr\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1)\n" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Glossary" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "This glossary is intended to define the terms used in this Installation " "Guide." msgstr "" "Le glossaire a pour but de définir la terminologie utilisée dans le Guide " "d'installation." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Bare-metal" msgstr "Bare-metal" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The term bare-metal refers to the underlying physical architecture of a " "computer. Running an operating system on bare-metal is another way of " "referring to running an unmodified version of the operating system on the " "physical hardware. An example of operating system running on bare metal is a" " normally installed operating system." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Full virtualization" msgstr "Virtualisation totale" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "KVM uses full, hardware-assisted virtualization. Full virtualization uses " "hardware features of the processor to provide total abstraction of the " "underlying physical system () and creates a new virtual machine in which the guest operating systems " "can run. No modifications are needed in the guest operating system. The " "guest operating system and any applications on the guest are not aware of " "the virtualized environment and run normally. Para-virtualization requires a" " modified version of the Linux operating system." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Fully virtualized" msgstr "Totalement virtualisé" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "See ." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Guest system" msgstr "Système Invité" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Also known as guests, virtual machines, virtual servers or domains." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware Virtual Machine" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "See " msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Host" msgstr "Hôte" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "The host operating system runs virtualized guests." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Hypervisor" msgstr "Hyperviseur" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The hypervisor is the software layer that abstracts the hardware from the " "operating system permitting multiple operating systems to run on the same " "hardware. The hypervisor runs on a host operating system allowing other " "virtualized operating systems to run on the host's hardware." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The " "hypervisor is provided with Fedora." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "I/O" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Short for input/output (pronounced \"eye-oh\"). The term I/O describes any " "program, operation or device that transfers data to or from a computer and " "to or from a peripheral device. Every transfer is an output from one device " "and an input into another. Devices such as keyboards and mouses are input-" "only devices while devices such as printers are output-only. A writable CD-" "ROM is both an input and an output device." msgstr "" "Abréviation d'Entrée/Sortie. Ce terme, E/S, est utilisé pour décrire tout " "programme, opération ou appareil qui transmet des données vers ou en " "provenance d'un ordinateur ou d'un périphérique. Chaque transfert est une " "sortie 'en provenance de' et une entrée 'vers' un périphérique. Les " "matériels comme les claviers, les souris sont uniquement des périphériques " "d'entrée, tandis que les imprimantes sont uniquement des périphériques de " "sortie. Un CD-ROM inscriptible est à la fois un périphérique d'entrée et de " "sortie." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Kernel-based Virtual Machine" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a solution for Linux on AMD64 and Intel 64 hardware. " "KVM is a Linux kernel module built for the standard Fedora kernel. KVM can " "run multiple, unmodified virtualized guest Windows and Linux operating " "systems. KVM is a hypervisor which uses the libvirt virtualization tools " "(virt-manager and virsh)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "KVM is a set of Linux kernel modules which manage devices, memory and " "management APIs for the Hypervisor module itself. Virtualized guests are run" " as Linux processes and threads which are controlled by these modules." msgstr "" "KVM est un ensemble de modules du noyau Linux qui gère des périphériques, " "la mémoire, et la gestion des API pour le module de l'Hyperviseur. Les " "invités virtualisés sont exécutés comme des processus et threads Linux qui " "sont eux-même contrôlés par ces modules." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Kernel SamePage Merging" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Kernel SamePage Merging (KSM) is used by the KVM hypervisor to allow KVM " "guests to share identical memory pages. The pages shared are usually common " "libraries or other identical, high-use data. KSM can increase the " "performance of certain guests by keeping these libraries in cache for " "various guests as well as increasing guest density." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "For information on using KSM with Fedora refer to ." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "LUN" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A Logical Unit Number (LUN) is a number assigned to a logical unit (a SCSI " "protocol entity)." msgstr "" "Un LUN (de l'anglais, Logical Unit Numbers) est le nombre qui est assigné à " "une unité logique (une entité du protocole SCSI)." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Migration" msgstr "Migration" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Migration is name for the process of moving a virtualized guest from one " "host to another. Migration can be conducted offline (where the guest is " "suspended and then moved) or live (where a guest is moved without " "suspending). KVM fully virtualized guests can be migrated." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Migration is a key feature of virtualization as software is completely " "separated from hardware. Migration is useful for:" msgstr "" "La migration est une fonctionnalité clé de la virtualisation puisque le " "logiciel est totalement séparé du matériel physique. Celle-ci est utile pour" " :" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Load balancing - guests can be moved to hosts with lower usage when a host " "becomes overloaded." msgstr "" "L'équilibrage de la charge - les invités peuvent être déplacés vers les " "hôtes avec une utilisation moins importante lorsqu'un hôte est surchargé." #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Hardware failover - when hardware devices on the host start to fail, guests " "can be safely relocated so the host can be powered down and repaired." msgstr "" "Le basculement de matériel - lorsque les périphériques matériel sur l'hôte " "commencent à échouer, les invités peuvent être déplacés en toute sécurité " "afin que l'hôte puisse être éteint puis réparé." #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Energy saving - guests can be redistributed to other hosts and host systems " "powered off to save energy and cut costs in low usage periods." msgstr "" "Les économies d'énergie - les invités peuvent être redistribués vers " "d'autres hôtes et les hôtes systèmes peuvent être éteints afin de'économiser" " de l'énergie et de réduire les coûts lors des périodes d'utilisation " "creuses." #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Geographic migration - guests can be moved to another location for lower " "latency or in serious circumstances." msgstr "" "Les migrations géographiques - les invités peuvent être déplacés vers une " "autre destination afin d'obtenir une latence plus faible ou dans des " "circonstances plus sérieuses." #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Shared, networked storage is used for storing guest images. Without shared " "storage migration is not possible." msgstr "" "Le stockage partagé en réseau est utilisé pour stocker les images des " "invités. Sans le stockage partagé, la migration n'est pas possible." #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "An offline migration suspends the guest then moves an image of the guests " "memory to the destination host. The guest is resumed on the destination host" " and the memory the guest used on the source host is freed." msgstr "" "Une migration hors-ligne suspend l'invité, puis déplace une image de la " "mémoire de l'invité vers l'hôte destinataire. L'invité est relancé sur " "l'hôte destinataire et la mémoire utilisée par l'invité sur l'hôte source " "est libérée." #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The time an offline migration takes depends network bandwidth and latency. A" " guest with 2GB of memory should take several seconds on a 1 Gbit Ethernet " "link." msgstr "" "Le temps qu'une migration hors-ligne prend dépend de la bande passante du " "réseau et de la latence. Un invité avec 2 Go de mémoire ne devrait prendre " "que quelques secondes sur une liaison Ethernet de 1 Go." #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A live migration keeps the guest running on the source host and begins " "moving the memory without stopping the guest. All modified memory pages are " "monitored for changes and sent to the destination while the image is sent. " "The memory is updated with the changed pages. The process continues until " "the amount of pause time allowed for the guest equals the predicted time for" " the final few pages to be transfer. KVM estimates the time remaining and " "attempts to transfer the maximum amount of page files from the source to the" " destination until KVM predicts the amount of remaining pages can be " "transferred during a very brief time while the virtualized guest is paused. " "The registers are loaded on the new host and the guest is then resumed on " "the destination host. If the guest cannot be merged (which happens when " "guests are under extreme loads) the guest is paused and then an offline " "migration is started instead." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The time an offline migration takes depends network bandwidth and latency as" " well as activity on the guest. If the guest is using significant I/O or CPU" " the migration will take much longer." msgstr "" "Le temps qu'une migration hors-ligne prend dépend de la bande passante du " "réseau et de la latence. Si le réseau est utilisé de manière importante ou " "si la bande passante est faible, alors la migration mettra bien plus " "longtemps." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "MAC Addresses" msgstr "Adresses MAC" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Media Access Control Address is the hardware address for a Network " "Interface Controller. In the context of virtualization MAC addresses must be" " generated for virtual network interfaces with each MAC on your local domain" " being unique." msgstr "" "L'adresse MAC (de l'anglais Media Access Control Address) est l'adresse du " "matériel sur une carte d'interface réseau. Dans un contexte de " "virtualisation, les adresses MAC doivent être générées pour les interfaces " "de réseaux virtuels, avec chaque MAC étant unique sur votre domaine local." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Para-virtualization" msgstr "Para-virtualisation" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Para-virtualization is only available in Fedora. Para-virutalization uses " "software mechanisms to share devices and system resources with specially-" "designed kernels or newer kernels with the PV-opts features." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Para-virtualized" msgstr "Para-virtualisé" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "See ," msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Para-virtualized drivers" msgstr "Pilotes para-virtualisés" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Para-virtualized drivers are device drivers that operate on fully " "virtualized Linux guests. These drivers greatly increase performance of " "network and block device I/O for fully virtualized guests." msgstr "" "Les pilotes paravirtualisés sont des pilotes de périphériques qui opèrent " "sur des invités Linux totalement virtualisés. Ces pilotes augmentent " "considérablement la performance des réseaux et des périphériques E/S pour " "les invités totalement virtualisés. " #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "PCI passthrough" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The KVM hypervisor supports attaching PCI devices on the host system to " "virtualized guests. PCI passthrough allows guests to have exclusive access " "to PCI devices for a range of tasks. PCI passthrough allows PCI devices to " "appear and behave as if they were physically attached to the guest operating" " system." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "phy device" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The phy device parameter allows guest's to access physical disks. Physical " "disks includes:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "LVM volumes (for example, /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02)," msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "disk partitions (for example, /dev/sda5), and" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "whole block devices (for example, /dev/sda)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Physical mode provides the best performance as the hypervisor bypasses extra" " layers of software on the host at the price of slightly less flexibility in" " managing the device." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Physical Functions" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Physical Functions (PFs) are full PCIe devices that include the SR-IOV " "capabilities. Physical Functions are discovered, managed, and configured as " "normal PCI devices. Physical Functions configure and manage the SR-IOV " "functionality by assigning Virtual Functions." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Security Enhanced Linux" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Short for Security Enhanced Linux, SELinux uses Linux Security Modules (LSM)" " in the Linux kernel to provide a range of minimum privilege required " "security policies." msgstr "" "Abbréviation de Security Enhanced Linux, SELinux utilise les modules de " "sécurité Linux (de l'anglais, Linux Security Modules, ou LSM) du noyau Linux" " afin de fournir un ensemble de politiques de sécurité ne nécessitant qu'un " "minimum de privilèges." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Single Root I/O Virtualization" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "SR-IOV is a standard for a type of PCI passthrough which natively shares a " "single device to multiple guests." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "SR-IOV enables a Single Root Function (for example, a single Ethernet port)," " to appear as multiple, separate, physical devices. PCI devices A physical " "device with SR-IOV capabilities can be configured to appear in the PCI " "configuration space as multiple functions, each device has its own " "configuration space complete with Base Address Registers (BARs)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "SR-IOV uses two new PCI functions:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Universally Unique Identifier" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) is a standardized numbering method " "for devices, systems and certain software objects in distributed computing " "environments. Types of UUIDs in virtualization include: " "ext2 and ext3 file system " "identifiers, RAID device identifiers, iSCSI and LUN device identifiers, MAC " "addresses and virtual machine identifiers." msgstr "" "Unn identificateur unique universel (UUID) est une méthode de chiffrage " "standardisée pour périphériques, systèmes, et pour certains objets de " "logiciels dans les environnements de calcul distribué. Les types d'UUID dans" " la virtualisation incluent :Les identificateurs de systèmes de fichiers " "ext2 et ext3, les " "identificateurs de périphériques RAID, iSCSI et LUN, les adresses MAC et les" " identificateurs de machines virtuelles." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Virtual Functions" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Virtual Functions (VFs) are simple PCIe functions that only process I/O. " "Each Virtual Function is derived from a Physical Function. The number of Virtual " "Functions a device may have is limited by the device hardware. A single " "Ethernet port, the Physical Device, may map to many Virtual Functions that " "can be shared to virtualized guests." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Virtualization" msgstr "Virtualisation" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Virtualization is a broad computing term for running software, usually " "operating systems, concurrently and isolated from other programs on one " "system. Most existing implementations of virtualization use a hypervisor, a " "software layer on top of an operating system, to abstract hardware. The " "hypervisor allows multiple operating systems to run on the same physical " "system by giving the guest operating system virtualized hardware. There are " "various methods for virtualizing operating systems:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Hardware-assisted virtualization is the technique used for full " "virtualization with KVM (definition: )" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Para-virtualization is a technique used by Xen to run Linux guests. " "(definition: )" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Software virtualization or emulation. Software virtualization uses binary " "translation and other emulation techniques to run unmodified operating " "systems. Software virtualization is significantly slower than hardware-" "assisted virtualization or para-virtualization. Software virtualization, in " "the form of QEMU or BORCH, works in Fedora, it's just slow." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Fedora supports hardware-assisted, full virtualization with the KVM " "hypervisor." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Virtualized CPU" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A system has a number of virtual CPUs (VCPUs) relative to the number of " "physical processor cores. The number of virtual CPUs is finite and " "represents the total number of virtual CPUs that can be assigned to guest " "virtual machines." msgstr "" "Un système comporte un certain nombre de CPU virtuels (VCPU) relatif au " "nombre de coeurs dans le(s) processeur(s) physique(s). Ce nombre de VCPU est" " fini et représente le nombre total de VCPU pouvant être assignés à des " "machines virtuelles invitées." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Virtual machines" msgstr "Machines virtuelles" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A virtual machine is a software implementation of a physical machine or " "programming language (for example the Java Runtime Environment or LISP). " "Virtual machines in the context of virtualization are operating systems " "running on virtualized hardware." msgstr "" "Une machine virtuelle est une implémentation logicielle d'une machine " "physique ou d'un langage de programmation (comme Java Runtime Environment ou" " LISP). Dans le contexte de virtualisation, les machines virtuelles sont des" " systèmes d'exploitation qui opèrent sur du matériel virtualisé."