# AUTHOR , YEAR. # # neb , 2011. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Fedora Virtualization Guide\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2011-03-02T01:07:51\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2011-06-29 22:50+0000\n" "Last-Translator: perplex \n" "Language-Team: Italian \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Language: it\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1)\n" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Glossary" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "This glossary is intended to define the terms used in this Installation " "Guide." msgstr "" "Questo glossario intende definire i termini usati nella Installation Guide." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Bare-metal" msgstr "Bare-metal" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The term bare-metal refers to the underlying physical architecture of a " "computer. Running an operating system on bare-metal is another way of " "referring to running an unmodified version of the operating system on the " "physical hardware. An example of operating system running on bare metal is a" " normally installed operating system." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Full virtualization" msgstr "Full virtualization" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "KVM uses full, hardware-assisted virtualization. Full virtualization uses " "hardware features of the processor to provide total abstraction of the " "underlying physical system () and creates a new virtual machine in which the guest operating systems " "can run. No modifications are needed in the guest operating system. The " "guest operating system and any applications on the guest are not aware of " "the virtualized environment and run normally. Para-virtualization requires a" " modified version of the Linux operating system." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Fully virtualized" msgstr "Completamente virtualizzato" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "See ." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Guest system" msgstr "Sistema guest" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Also known as guests, virtual machines, virtual servers or domains." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware Virtual Machine" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "See " msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Host" msgstr "Host" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "The host operating system runs virtualized guests." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Hypervisor" msgstr "Hypervisor" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The hypervisor is the software layer that abstracts the hardware from the " "operating system permitting multiple operating systems to run on the same " "hardware. The hypervisor runs on a host operating system allowing other " "virtualized operating systems to run on the host's hardware." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The " "hypervisor is provided with Fedora." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "I/O" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Short for input/output (pronounced \"eye-oh\"). The term I/O describes any " "program, operation or device that transfers data to or from a computer and " "to or from a peripheral device. Every transfer is an output from one device " "and an input into another. Devices such as keyboards and mouses are input-" "only devices while devices such as printers are output-only. A writable CD-" "ROM is both an input and an output device." msgstr "" "Abbreviazione per input/output (pronunciato \"eye-oh\"). Il termine I/O " "viene usato per descrivere qualsiasi programma, operazione o dispositivo in " "grado di trasferire dati da o per un computer, e da o per un dispositivo " "periferico. Ogni trasferimento è un output da un dispositivo ed un input per" " un altro dispositivo. I dispositivi come ad esempio le tastiere ed i mouse," " sono dispositivi di solo input, mentre dispositivi come le stampanti sono " "dispositivi di solo output. Un CD-ROM scrivibile è un dispositivo input e " "output." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Kernel-based Virtual Machine" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a solution for Linux on AMD64 and Intel 64 hardware. " "KVM is a Linux kernel module built for the standard Fedora kernel. KVM can " "run multiple, unmodified virtualized guest Windows and Linux operating " "systems. KVM is a hypervisor which uses the libvirt virtualization tools " "(virt-manager and virsh)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "KVM is a set of Linux kernel modules which manage devices, memory and " "management APIs for the Hypervisor module itself. Virtualized guests are run" " as Linux processes and threads which are controlled by these modules." msgstr "" "KVM è un set di moduli kernel di Linux in grado di gestire i dispositivi, la" " memoria e le API di gestione per il modulo Hypervisor. I guest " "virtualizzati vengono eseguiti come processi Linux e thread e controllati " "dai suddetti moduli." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Kernel SamePage Merging" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Kernel SamePage Merging (KSM) is used by the KVM hypervisor to allow KVM " "guests to share identical memory pages. The pages shared are usually common " "libraries or other identical, high-use data. KSM can increase the " "performance of certain guests by keeping these libraries in cache for " "various guests as well as increasing guest density." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "For information on using KSM with Fedora refer to ." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "LUN" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A Logical Unit Number (LUN) is a number assigned to a logical unit (a SCSI " "protocol entity)." msgstr "" "Un Logical Unit Number (LUN) è il numero assegnato ad una unità logica (una " "entità del protocollo SCSI)." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Migration" msgstr "Migrazione" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Migration is name for the process of moving a virtualized guest from one " "host to another. Migration can be conducted offline (where the guest is " "suspended and then moved) or live (where a guest is moved without " "suspending). KVM fully virtualized guests can be migrated." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Migration is a key feature of virtualization as software is completely " "separated from hardware. Migration is useful for:" msgstr "" "La migrazione rappresenta una funzione molto importante nella " "virtualizzazione poichè il software viene completamente separato " "dall'hardware. Questo processo è utile per:" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Load balancing - guests can be moved to hosts with lower usage when a host " "becomes overloaded." msgstr "" "Bilanciamento del carico - i guest possono essere spostati su un altro host " "con un livello di utilizzo minore quando l'host risulta essere sovraccarico." #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Hardware failover - when hardware devices on the host start to fail, guests " "can be safely relocated so the host can be powered down and repaired." msgstr "" "Failover hardware - quando i dispositivi hardware su di un host falliscono i" " guest possono essere riposizionati in modo sicuro permettendo la " "disabilitazione dell'host e la sua riparazione." #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Energy saving - guests can be redistributed to other hosts and host systems " "powered off to save energy and cut costs in low usage periods." msgstr "" "Risparmio energetico - i guest possono essere distribuiti su altri host e " "sistemi host disalimentati per risparmiare energia e ridurre i costi durante" " periodi di utilizzo bassi." #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Geographic migration - guests can be moved to another location for lower " "latency or in serious circumstances." msgstr "" "Migrazione geografica - è possibile riposizionare i guest in modo da avere " "una latenza minore o in circostanze in cui è necessario eseguire tale " "processo." #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Shared, networked storage is used for storing guest images. Without shared " "storage migration is not possible." msgstr "" "Lo storage 'networked' condiviso viene usato per il salvataggio delle " "immagini del guest. Senza la migrazione dello storage condiviso tale " "operazione non è possibile." #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "An offline migration suspends the guest then moves an image of the guests " "memory to the destination host. The guest is resumed on the destination host" " and the memory the guest used on the source host is freed." msgstr "" "Una migrazione offline sospende il guest e successivamente sposta l'immagine" " della memoria dei guest sull'host di destinazione. A questo punto il guest " "viene ripristinato sull'host di destinazione, liberando così la memoria " "usata dal guest sull'host sorgente." #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The time an offline migration takes depends network bandwidth and latency. A" " guest with 2GB of memory should take several seconds on a 1 Gbit Ethernet " "link." msgstr "" "Il tempo necessario per una migrazione offline dipende dalla larghezza di " "banda e dalla latenza. Un guest con 2GB di memoria necessita di diversi " "secondi su di un link Ethernet di 1 Gbit." #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A live migration keeps the guest running on the source host and begins " "moving the memory without stopping the guest. All modified memory pages are " "monitored for changes and sent to the destination while the image is sent. " "The memory is updated with the changed pages. The process continues until " "the amount of pause time allowed for the guest equals the predicted time for" " the final few pages to be transfer. KVM estimates the time remaining and " "attempts to transfer the maximum amount of page files from the source to the" " destination until KVM predicts the amount of remaining pages can be " "transferred during a very brief time while the virtualized guest is paused. " "The registers are loaded on the new host and the guest is then resumed on " "the destination host. If the guest cannot be merged (which happens when " "guests are under extreme loads) the guest is paused and then an offline " "migration is started instead." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The time an offline migration takes depends network bandwidth and latency as" " well as activity on the guest. If the guest is using significant I/O or CPU" " the migration will take much longer." msgstr "" "Il tempo necessario per una migrazione offline dipende dalla larghezza di " "banda, latenza ed attività del guest. Se il guest utilizza una quantità " "significativa di I/O o CPU, il processo di migrazione richiederà un periodo " "più lungo." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "MAC Addresses" msgstr "Indirizzo MAC" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Media Access Control Address is the hardware address for a Network " "Interface Controller. In the context of virtualization MAC addresses must be" " generated for virtual network interfaces with each MAC on your local domain" " being unique." msgstr "" "Il Media Access Control Address è l'indirizzo hardware per un Network " "Interface Controller. In un contesto di virtualizzazione, gli indirizzi MAC " "devono essere generati per le interfacce di rete virtuali con un MAC unico " "presente sul vostro dominio locale." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Para-virtualization" msgstr "Para-virtualization" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Para-virtualization is only available in Fedora. Para-virutalization uses " "software mechanisms to share devices and system resources with specially-" "designed kernels or newer kernels with the PV-opts features." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Para-virtualized" msgstr "Para-virtualizzato" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "See ," msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Para-virtualized drivers" msgstr "Driver para-virtualizzati" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Para-virtualized drivers are device drivers that operate on fully " "virtualized Linux guests. These drivers greatly increase performance of " "network and block device I/O for fully virtualized guests." msgstr "" "I driver para-virtualizzati sono driver del dispositivo i quali operano su " "guest linux completamente virtualizzati. I suddetti driver aumentano le " "prestazioni I/O dei dispositivi a blocchi e di rete per guest completamente " "virtualizzati." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "PCI passthrough" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The KVM hypervisor supports attaching PCI devices on the host system to " "virtualized guests. PCI passthrough allows guests to have exclusive access " "to PCI devices for a range of tasks. PCI passthrough allows PCI devices to " "appear and behave as if they were physically attached to the guest operating" " system." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "phy device" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The phy device parameter allows guest's to access physical disks. Physical " "disks includes:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "LVM volumes (for example, /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02)," msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "disk partitions (for example, /dev/sda5), and" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "whole block devices (for example, /dev/sda)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Physical mode provides the best performance as the hypervisor bypasses extra" " layers of software on the host at the price of slightly less flexibility in" " managing the device." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Physical Functions" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Physical Functions (PFs) are full PCIe devices that include the SR-IOV " "capabilities. Physical Functions are discovered, managed, and configured as " "normal PCI devices. Physical Functions configure and manage the SR-IOV " "functionality by assigning Virtual Functions." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Security Enhanced Linux" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Short for Security Enhanced Linux, SELinux uses Linux Security Modules (LSM)" " in the Linux kernel to provide a range of minimum privilege required " "security policies." msgstr "" "Abbreviazione di Security Enhanced Linux, SELinux usa i Linux Security " "Module (LSM) nel kernel di Linux per fornire una gamma di privilegi minimi " "necessari per le politiche sulla sicurezza." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Single Root I/O Virtualization" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "SR-IOV is a standard for a type of PCI passthrough which natively shares a " "single device to multiple guests." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "SR-IOV enables a Single Root Function (for example, a single Ethernet port)," " to appear as multiple, separate, physical devices. PCI devices A physical " "device with SR-IOV capabilities can be configured to appear in the PCI " "configuration space as multiple functions, each device has its own " "configuration space complete with Base Address Registers (BARs)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "SR-IOV uses two new PCI functions:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Universally Unique Identifier" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) is a standardized numbering method " "for devices, systems and certain software objects in distributed computing " "environments. Types of UUIDs in virtualization include: " "ext2 and ext3 file system " "identifiers, RAID device identifiers, iSCSI and LUN device identifiers, MAC " "addresses and virtual machine identifiers." msgstr "" "L'Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) è un metodo di numerazione per " "dispositivi, sistemi e per alcuni componenti software in ambienti " "informatici distribuiti. Nella virtualizzazione gli UUID includono: " "identificatori per file system ext2 e " "ext3, identificatori per dispositivi RAID, " "identificatori per dispositivi iSCSI e LUN, indirizzi MAC ed identificatori " "per macchine virtuali." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Virtual Functions" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Virtual Functions (VFs) are simple PCIe functions that only process I/O. " "Each Virtual Function is derived from a Physical Function. The number of Virtual " "Functions a device may have is limited by the device hardware. A single " "Ethernet port, the Physical Device, may map to many Virtual Functions that " "can be shared to virtualized guests." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Virtualization" msgstr "Virtualization" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Virtualization is a broad computing term for running software, usually " "operating systems, concurrently and isolated from other programs on one " "system. Most existing implementations of virtualization use a hypervisor, a " "software layer on top of an operating system, to abstract hardware. The " "hypervisor allows multiple operating systems to run on the same physical " "system by giving the guest operating system virtualized hardware. There are " "various methods for virtualizing operating systems:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Hardware-assisted virtualization is the technique used for full " "virtualization with KVM (definition: )" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Para-virtualization is a technique used by Xen to run Linux guests. " "(definition: )" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Software virtualization or emulation. Software virtualization uses binary " "translation and other emulation techniques to run unmodified operating " "systems. Software virtualization is significantly slower than hardware-" "assisted virtualization or para-virtualization. Software virtualization, in " "the form of QEMU or BORCH, works in Fedora, it's just slow." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Fedora supports hardware-assisted, full virtualization with the KVM " "hypervisor." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Virtualized CPU" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A system has a number of virtual CPUs (VCPUs) relative to the number of " "physical processor cores. The number of virtual CPUs is finite and " "represents the total number of virtual CPUs that can be assigned to guest " "virtual machines." msgstr "" "Un sistema presenta un numero di virtual CPU (VCPU) relativi al numero di " "processori core fisici. Il numero di virtual CPU è un numero finito e " "rappresenta il numero totale di virtual CPU assegnabile alle macchine " "virtuali del guest." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Virtual machines" msgstr "Macchine virtuali" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A virtual machine is a software implementation of a physical machine or " "programming language (for example the Java Runtime Environment or LISP). " "Virtual machines in the context of virtualization are operating systems " "running on virtualized hardware." msgstr "" "Una macchina virtuale è una implementazione software di una macchina fisica " "o di linguaggi di programmazione (per esempio Java Runtime Environment o " "LISP). Le macchine virtuali, in un contesto di virtualizzazione, sono " "sistemi operativi in esecuzione su hardware virtualizzati."