# AUTHOR , YEAR. # # Yi Zhang , 2011. # neb , 2011. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Fedora Virtualization Guide\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2011-03-02T01:07:51\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2011-08-04 16:44+0000\n" "Last-Translator: yizhangid \n" "Language-Team: Chinese (China) (http://www.transifex.net/projects/p/fedora/team/zh_CN/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Language: zh_CN\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0\n" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Glossary" msgstr "术语表" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "This glossary is intended to define the terms used in this Installation " "Guide." msgstr "这个词汇表是为了定义在这个安装指南中所使用的术语。" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Bare-metal" msgstr "裸机" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The term bare-metal refers to the underlying physical architecture of a " "computer. Running an operating system on bare-metal is another way of " "referring to running an unmodified version of the operating system on the " "physical hardware. An example of operating system running on bare metal is a" " normally installed operating system." msgstr "" "术语“裸机”指的是物理构造的机器。在裸机上运行操作系统是在物理机器（非虚拟机）上运行无修改的操作系统的另外一种说法。正常安装的操作系统通常都是这种情况。" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Full virtualization" msgstr "全虚拟化" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "KVM uses full, hardware-assisted virtualization. Full virtualization uses " "hardware features of the processor to provide total abstraction of the " "underlying physical system () and creates a new virtual machine in which the guest operating systems " "can run. No modifications are needed in the guest operating system. The " "guest operating system and any applications on the guest are not aware of " "the virtualized environment and run normally. Para-virtualization requires a" " modified version of the Linux operating system." msgstr "KVM使用全硬件辅助虚拟化技术。" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Fully virtualized" msgstr "全虚拟" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "See ." msgstr "参照 ." #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Guest system" msgstr "客户端系统" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "Also known as guests, virtual machines, virtual servers or domains." msgstr "同时也称作客户端，虚拟机，虚拟服务器或者域" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Hardware Virtual Machine" msgstr "硬件虚拟机" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "See " msgstr "参照 " #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Host" msgstr "主机" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "The host operating system runs virtualized guests." msgstr "运行虚拟客户机的主机操作系统" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Hypervisor" msgstr " 虚拟机管理程序" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The hypervisor is the software layer that abstracts the hardware from the " "operating system permitting multiple operating systems to run on the same " "hardware. The hypervisor runs on a host operating system allowing other " "virtualized operating systems to run on the host's hardware." msgstr "" "虚拟机管理程序是一层软件抽象层以便多个操作系统能够同时运行在同一个物理机器上。此程序通常在主机上运行，以便允许其它虚拟机的操作系统运行在同一主机上。" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The " "hypervisor is provided with Fedora." msgstr "" "此虚拟机管理程序 由Fedora提供" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "I/O" msgstr "I/O" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Short for input/output (pronounced \"eye-oh\"). The term I/O describes any " "program, operation or device that transfers data to or from a computer and " "to or from a peripheral device. Every transfer is an output from one device " "and an input into another. Devices such as keyboards and mouses are input-" "only devices while devices such as printers are output-only. A writable CD-" "ROM is both an input and an output device." msgstr "" "输入/输出（I/O，读做“ai-ou”）的缩写。I/O " "可用来描述任意来自计算机或者向计算机传输数据的程序、操作、设备，也可用来描述来自周边设备或者向周边设备传输数据的程序、操作、设备。每次传输就是从一个设备输出，然后输入到另一个设备中。类似键盘、鼠标等设备只能用作为输入设备，而打印机则只能作为输出设备。可擦写光盘既是输入设备，也是输出设备。" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Kernel-based Virtual Machine" msgstr "基于内核的虚拟机" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a solution for Linux on AMD64 and Intel 64 hardware. " "KVM is a Linux kernel module built for the standard Fedora kernel. KVM can " "run multiple, unmodified virtualized guest Windows and Linux operating " "systems. KVM is a hypervisor which uses the libvirt virtualization tools " "(virt-manager and virsh)." msgstr "" "KVM（基于内核的虚拟机）是Linux在ADM64和Intel 64硬件上的解决方案 。KVM是Fedora上的一个Linux标准功能模块（module）。" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "KVM is a set of Linux kernel modules which manage devices, memory and " "management APIs for the Hypervisor module itself. Virtualized guests are run" " as Linux processes and threads which are controlled by these modules." msgstr "" "KVM 是用来管理程序模块本身的一组管理设备、内存和管理 API 的 Linux 内核模块。这些模块可控制作为 Linux 进程和线程运行的虚拟客户端。" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Kernel SamePage Merging" msgstr "内核同页合并" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Kernel SamePage Merging (KSM) is used by the KVM hypervisor to allow KVM " "guests to share identical memory pages. The pages shared are usually common " "libraries or other identical, high-use data. KSM can increase the " "performance of certain guests by keeping these libraries in cache for " "various guests as well as increasing guest density." msgstr "内核同页合并(KSM)是由KVM虚拟机管理模块去允许虚拟机共享使用同一内存页面。？？？？？" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "For information on using KSM with Fedora refer to ." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "LUN" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A Logical Unit Number (LUN) is a number assigned to a logical unit (a SCSI " "protocol entity)." msgstr "逻辑单位编号（LUN）是为逻辑单位（SCSI 协议条目）分配的号码。" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Migration" msgstr "迁移" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Migration is name for the process of moving a virtualized guest from one " "host to another. Migration can be conducted offline (where the guest is " "suspended and then moved) or live (where a guest is moved without " "suspending). KVM fully virtualized guests can be migrated." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Migration is a key feature of virtualization as software is completely " "separated from hardware. Migration is useful for:" msgstr "迁移是虚拟化的一个主要特性，因为软件是与硬件完全分开的。迁移在以下方面很有用：" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Load balancing - guests can be moved to hosts with lower usage when a host " "becomes overloaded." msgstr "负载平衡 - 主机开始超载时可将客户端移动到用量较低的主机中。" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Hardware failover - when hardware devices on the host start to fail, guests " "can be safely relocated so the host can be powered down and repaired." msgstr "硬件故障切换 - 当主机中的硬件设备出现故障时可安全将客户端重新定位以便关闭主机并进行修复。" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Energy saving - guests can be redistributed to other hosts and host systems " "powered off to save energy and cut costs in low usage periods." msgstr "节能 - 可将客户端重新分布到其它主机，关闭主机可节省能源并降低低用量时段的费用。" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Geographic migration - guests can be moved to another location for lower " "latency or in serious circumstances." msgstr "地理迁移 - 可将客户端移动到另一个位置来减少等待时间或者处于严重情况。" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Shared, networked storage is used for storing guest images. Without shared " "storage migration is not possible." msgstr "共享、联网存储可用来保存客户端映像。没有共享存储的迁移是无法进行的。" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "An offline migration suspends the guest then moves an image of the guests " "memory to the destination host. The guest is resumed on the destination host" " and the memory the guest used on the source host is freed." msgstr "离线迁移会将客户端挂起然后将客户端内存映像移动到目的地主机。在目的主机恢复该客户端，然后会释放源主机中该客户端使用的内存。" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The time an offline migration takes depends network bandwidth and latency. A" " guest with 2GB of memory should take several seconds on a 1 Gbit Ethernet " "link." msgstr "离线迁移所需时间依赖网络带宽和等待时间。有 2GB 内存的客户端在 1Gbit 以太网链接中需要几秒钟。" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A live migration keeps the guest running on the source host and begins " "moving the memory without stopping the guest. All modified memory pages are " "monitored for changes and sent to the destination while the image is sent. " "The memory is updated with the changed pages. The process continues until " "the amount of pause time allowed for the guest equals the predicted time for" " the final few pages to be transfer. KVM estimates the time remaining and " "attempts to transfer the maximum amount of page files from the source to the" " destination until KVM predicts the amount of remaining pages can be " "transferred during a very brief time while the virtualized guest is paused. " "The registers are loaded on the new host and the guest is then resumed on " "the destination host. If the guest cannot be merged (which happens when " "guests are under extreme loads) the guest is paused and then an offline " "migration is started instead." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The time an offline migration takes depends network bandwidth and latency as" " well as activity on the guest. If the guest is using significant I/O or CPU" " the migration will take much longer." msgstr "离线迁移所需时间依赖网络带宽和等待时间以及客户端中的活动。如果该客户端正在使用大量 I/O 或者 CPU，迁移的耗时会很长。" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "MAC Addresses" msgstr "MAC 地址" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The Media Access Control Address is the hardware address for a Network " "Interface Controller. In the context of virtualization MAC addresses must be" " generated for virtual network interfaces with each MAC on your local domain" " being unique." msgstr "" "介质访问控制地址是网络接口控制器的硬件地址。在虚拟化环境中必须为虚拟网络接口生成 MAC 地址，且您本地域中的每个 MAC 都应该是唯一的。" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Para-virtualization" msgstr "半虚拟化" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Para-virtualization is only available in Fedora. Para-virutalization uses " "software mechanisms to share devices and system resources with specially-" "designed kernels or newer kernels with the PV-opts features." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Para-virtualized" msgstr "半虚拟" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "See ," msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Para-virtualized drivers" msgstr "半虚拟驱动程序" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Para-virtualized drivers are device drivers that operate on fully " "virtualized Linux guests. These drivers greatly increase performance of " "network and block device I/O for fully virtualized guests." msgstr "半虚拟驱动程序是在全虚拟 Linux 客户端中进行操作的设备驱动程序。这些驱动程序为全虚拟客户端极大提高了网络和块设备 I/O 的性能。" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "PCI passthrough" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The KVM hypervisor supports attaching PCI devices on the host system to " "virtualized guests. PCI passthrough allows guests to have exclusive access " "to PCI devices for a range of tasks. PCI passthrough allows PCI devices to " "appear and behave as if they were physically attached to the guest operating" " system." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "phy device" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The phy device parameter allows guest's to access physical disks. Physical " "disks includes:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "LVM volumes (for example, /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02)," msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "disk partitions (for example, /dev/sda5), and" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "whole block devices (for example, /dev/sda)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Physical mode provides the best performance as the hypervisor bypasses extra" " layers of software on the host at the price of slightly less flexibility in" " managing the device." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Physical Functions" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Physical Functions (PFs) are full PCIe devices that include the SR-IOV " "capabilities. Physical Functions are discovered, managed, and configured as " "normal PCI devices. Physical Functions configure and manage the SR-IOV " "functionality by assigning Virtual Functions." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Security Enhanced Linux" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Short for Security Enhanced Linux, SELinux uses Linux Security Modules (LSM)" " in the Linux kernel to provide a range of minimum privilege required " "security policies." msgstr "" "安全性提高 Linux 的缩写。SELinux 使用 Linux 内核中的 Linux 安全性模块（LSM）提供安全性策略所需的最小特权范围。" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Single Root I/O Virtualization" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "SR-IOV is a standard for a type of PCI passthrough which natively shares a " "single device to multiple guests." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "SR-IOV enables a Single Root Function (for example, a single Ethernet port)," " to appear as multiple, separate, physical devices. PCI devices A physical " "device with SR-IOV capabilities can be configured to appear in the PCI " "configuration space as multiple functions, each device has its own " "configuration space complete with Base Address Registers (BARs)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "SR-IOV uses two new PCI functions:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Universally Unique Identifier" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) is a standardized numbering method " "for devices, systems and certain software objects in distributed computing " "environments. Types of UUIDs in virtualization include: " "ext2 and ext3 file system " "identifiers, RAID device identifiers, iSCSI and LUN device identifiers, MAC " "addresses and virtual machine identifiers." msgstr "" "全局唯一识别符（UUID）是对分布计算环境中的设备、系统和某些软件对象的标准化计数方法。虚拟化中的 UUID " "类型包括：ext2 和 ext3 " "文件系统识别符、RAID 设备识别符、iSCSI 和 LUN 设备识别符、MAC 地址以及虚拟机识别符。" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Virtual Functions" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Virtual Functions (VFs) are simple PCIe functions that only process I/O. " "Each Virtual Function is derived from a Physical Function. The number of Virtual " "Functions a device may have is limited by the device hardware. A single " "Ethernet port, the Physical Device, may map to many Virtual Functions that " "can be shared to virtualized guests." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Virtualization" msgstr "虚拟化" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Virtualization is a broad computing term for running software, usually " "operating systems, concurrently and isolated from other programs on one " "system. Most existing implementations of virtualization use a hypervisor, a " "software layer on top of an operating system, to abstract hardware. The " "hypervisor allows multiple operating systems to run on the same physical " "system by giving the guest operating system virtualized hardware. There are " "various methods for virtualizing operating systems:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Hardware-assisted virtualization is the technique used for full " "virtualization with KVM (definition: )" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Para-virtualization is a technique used by Xen to run Linux guests. " "(definition: )" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Software virtualization or emulation. Software virtualization uses binary " "translation and other emulation techniques to run unmodified operating " "systems. Software virtualization is significantly slower than hardware-" "assisted virtualization or para-virtualization. Software virtualization, in " "the form of QEMU or BORCH, works in Fedora, it's just slow." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Fedora supports hardware-assisted, full virtualization with the KVM " "hypervisor." msgstr "" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Virtualized CPU" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A system has a number of virtual CPUs (VCPUs) relative to the number of " "physical processor cores. The number of virtual CPUs is finite and " "represents the total number of virtual CPUs that can be assigned to guest " "virtual machines." msgstr "运行红帽虚拟化的系统有很多虚拟 CPU 或者 VCPU。VCPU 的数目是限定的，并代表可分配给客户端虚拟机的 VCPU 总数。" #. Tag: glossterm #, no-c-format msgid "Virtual machines" msgstr "虚拟机" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A virtual machine is a software implementation of a physical machine or " "programming language (for example the Java Runtime Environment or LISP). " "Virtual machines in the context of virtualization are operating systems " "running on virtualized hardware." msgstr "" "虚拟机是物理机器或者编程语言的软件实施（例如：Java 运行时环境或者 LISP）。虚拟化环境中的虚拟机上下文就是在虚拟硬盘中运行的操作系统。"