# AUTHOR , YEAR. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Fedora Virtualization Guide\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2011-03-02T01:07:51\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2011-08-21 05:42+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Automatically generated\n" "Language-Team: Ukrainian \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Language: uk\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2)\n" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Introduction" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "This chapter introduces the various virtualization technologies, " "applications and features and explains how they work. The purpose of this " "chapter is to assist Fedora users in understanding virtualization." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "What is virtualization?" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Virtualization is a broad computing term for running software, usually " "operating systems, concurrently and isolated from other programs on one " "system. Most existing implementations of virtualization use a hypervisor, a " "software layer on top of an operating system, to abstract hardware. The " "hypervisor allows multiple operating systems to run on the same physical " "system by giving the guest operating system virtualized hardware. There are " "various methods for virtualizing operating systems:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Hardware-assisted virtualization is the technique used for full " "virtualization with KVM (definition: )" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Para-virtualization is a technique used by Xen to run Linux guests. " "(definition: )" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Software virtualization or emulation. Software virtualization uses binary " "translation and other emulation techniques to run unmodified operating " "systems. Software virtualization is significantly slower than hardware-" "assisted virtualization or para-virtualization. Software virtualization, in " "the form of QEMU, is available for Fedora." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "KVM and virtualization in Fedora" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" " (KVM) " "is a solution " "for Linux on AMD64 and Intel 64 hardware. KVM is a Linux kernel module built" " for the standard Fedora kernel. KVM can run multiple, unmodified " "virtualized guest Windows and Linux operating systems. KVM is a hypervisor " "which uses the libvirt virtualization tools (virt-manager and virsh)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "KVM is a set of Linux kernel modules which manage devices, memory and " "management APIs for the Hypervisor module itself. Virtualized guests are run" " as Linux processes and threads which are controlled by these modules." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "" "TBD Components\n" "\t\t\t- qemu-kvm\n" "\t\t\t- qemu\n" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "This book covers virtualization topics for Fedora. The hypervisor is provided with" " Fedora. The KVM hypervisor supports ." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Kernel " "SamePage Merging (KSM) is used by the KVM hypervisor to allow " "KVM guests to share identical memory pages. The pages shared are usually " "common libraries or other identical, high-use data. KSM can increase the " "performance of certain guests by keeping these libraries in cache for " "various guests as well as increasing guest density." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "libvirt" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "" " - Why?\n" " - virt-manager" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Virtualized and emulated devices" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Virtualized CPUs (VCPUs)" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A system has a number of virtual CPUs (VCPUs) relative to the number of" " physical processor cores. The number of virtual CPUs is finite and " "represents the total number of virtual CPUs that can be assigned to guest " "virtual machines." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "emulated video devices" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "To be done." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "emulated system compontents" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "emulated sound devices" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "emulated networks" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "emulated block devices" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "phy device" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The phy device " "parameter allows guest's to access physical disks. Physical disks includes:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "LVM volumes (for example, /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol02)," msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "disk partitions (for example, /dev/sda5), and" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "whole block devices (for example, /dev/sda)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Physical mode provides the best performance as the hypervisor bypasses extra" " layers of software on the host at the price of slightly less flexibility in" " managing the device." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Storage" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Virtualized guest storage overview" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Locally attached storage" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Networked storage" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Para-virtualized drivers" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Para-" "virtualized drivers are device drivers that operate on fully " "virtualized Linux guests. These drivers greatly increase performance of " "network and block device I/O for fully virtualized guests." msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "" "What are para-virtualized drivers and why should you care?\n" "\t How they work with the KVM hypervisor" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Direct device passthrough" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "PCI passthrough" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The KVM hypervisor supports attaching PCI devices on the host system to " "virtualized guests. PCI " "passthrough allows guests to have exclusive access to PCI " "devices for a range of tasks. PCI passthrough allows PCI devices to appear " "and behave as if they were physically attached to the guest operating " "system." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "SR-IOV" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "SR-IOV (Single" " Root I/O Virtualization) is a standard for a type of PCI passthrough which " "natively shares a single device to multiple guests." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "SR-IOV enables a Single Root Function (for example, a single Ethernet port)," " to appear as multiple, separate, physical devices. PCI devices A physical " "device with SR-IOV capabilities can be configured to appear in the PCI " "configuration space as multiple functions, each device has its own " "configuration space complete with Base Address Registers (BARs)." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "SR-IOV uses two new PCI functions:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "NPIV" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "To be done" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Virtualization security features" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "SELinux" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "sVirt" msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Migration" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Migration " "is name for the process of moving a virtualized guest from one host to " "another. Migration can be conducted offline (where the guest is suspended " "and then moved) or live (where a guest is moved without suspending). KVM " "fully virtualized guests can be migrated." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Migration is a key feature of virtualization as software is completely " "separated from hardware. Migration is useful for:" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Load balancing - guests can be moved to hosts with lower usage when a host " "becomes overloaded." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Hardware failover - when hardware devices on the host start to fail, guests " "can be safely relocated so the host can be powered down and repaired." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Energy saving - guests can be redistributed to other hosts and host systems " "powered off to save energy and cut costs in low usage periods." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Geographic migration - guests can be moved to another location for lower " "latency or in serious circumstances." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Shared, networked storage is used for storing guest images. Without shared " "storage migration is not possible." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "An offline migration suspends the guest then moves an image of the guests " "memory to the destination host. The guest is resumed on the destination host" " and the memory the guest used on the source host is freed." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The time an offline migration takes depends network bandwidth and latency. A" " guest with 2GB of memory should take several seconds on a 1 Gbit Ethernet " "link." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "A live migration keeps the guest running on the source host and begins " "moving the memory without stopping the guest. All modified memory pages are " "monitored for changes and sent to the destination while the image is sent. " "The memory is updated with the changed pages. The process continues until " "the amount of pause time allowed for the guest equals the predicted time for" " the final few pages to be transfer. KVM estimates the time remaining and " "attempts to transfer the maximum amount of page files from the source to the" " destination until KVM predicts the amount of remaining pages can be " "transferred during a very brief time while the virtualized guest is paused. " "The registers are loaded on the new host and the guest is then resumed on " "the destination host. If the guest cannot be merged (which happens when " "guests are under extreme loads) the guest is paused and then an offline " "migration is started instead." msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "The time an offline migration takes depends network bandwidth and latency as" " well as activity on the guest. If the guest is using significant I/O or CPU" " the migration will take much longer." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Virtualized to virtualized conversion" msgstr "" #. Tag: para #, no-c-format msgid "" "Fedora provides tools for converting virtualized guests from one hypervisor " "or system type to KVM. The virt-v2v tool converts and " "imports virtual machines from Xen, other versions of KVM and VMware ESX." msgstr "" #. Tag: title #, no-c-format msgid "Physical to virtualized conversion" msgstr "" #. Tag: screen #, no-c-format msgid "Convert physical operating systems to virtualized guests." msgstr ""