# AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
# 
# neb <nick@bebout.net>, 2011.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Fedora Virtualization Guide\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-03-02T01:07:52\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2011-03-22 16:40+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: neb <nick@bebout.net>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese (Taiwan) <trans-zh_TW@lists.fedoraproject.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Language: zh_TW\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0\n"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Troubleshooting"
msgstr "疑難排解"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This chapter covers common problems and solutions with Fedora "
"virtualization."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This chapter is to give you, the reader, a background to identify where "
"problems with virtualization technologies are. Troubleshooting takes "
"practice and experience which are difficult to learn from a book. It is "
"recommended that you experiment and test virtualization on Fedora to develop"
" your troubleshooting skills."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you cannot find the answer in this document there may be an answer online"
" from the virtualization community. Refer to <xref linkend=\"sect-"
"Virtualization-Additional_resources-Online_resources\" /> for a list of "
"Linux virtualization websites."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Debugging and troubleshooting tools"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This section summarizes the System Administrator applications, the "
"networking utilities, and debugging tools. You can employ these standard "
"System administration tools and logs to assist with troubleshooting:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>kvm_stat</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>kvmtrace</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>vmstat</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>iostat</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>lsof</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>systemtap</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>crash</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>sysrq</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>sysrq t</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>sysrq w</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"These networking tools can assist with troubleshooting virtualization "
"networking problems:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>ifconfig</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>tcpdump</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <command>tcpdump</command> command 'sniffs' network packets. "
"<command>tcpdump</command> is useful for finding network abnormalities and "
"problems with network authentication. There is a graphical version of "
"<command>tcpdump</command> named <command>wireshark</command>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>brctl</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>brctl</command> is a networking tool that inspects and configures "
"the Ethernet bridge configuration in the Virtualization linux kernel. You "
"must have root access before performing these example commands:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"# brctl show \n"
"bridge-name    bridge-id          STP  enabled  interfaces  \n"
"-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n"
"virtbr0             8000.feffffff       yes        eth0\n"
"\n"
"# brctl showmacs virtbr0 \n"
"port-no           mac-addr                  local?       aging timer\n"
"1                 fe:ff:ff:ff:ff:           yes            0.00\n"
"2                 fe:ff:ff:fe:ff:           yes            0.00\n"
"# brctl showstp virtbr0\n"
"virtbr0 \n"
"bridge-id              8000.fefffffffff\n"
"designated-root        8000.fefffffffff\n"
"root-port              0                   path-cost             0\n"
"max-age                20.00               bridge-max-age        20.00\n"
"hello-time             2.00                bridge-hello-time     2.00\n"
"forward-delay          0.00                bridge-forward-delay  0.00\n"
"aging-time            300.01\n"
"hello-timer            1.43                tcn-timer             0.00\n"
"topology-change-timer  0.00                gc-timer              0.02\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Listed below are some other useful commands for troubleshooting "
"virtualization."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<application>strace</application> is a command which traces system calls and"
" events received and used by another process."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<application>vncviewer</application>: connect to a VNC server running on "
"your server or a virtual machine. Install "
"<application>vncviwer</application> using the <command> yum install "
"vnc</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<application>vncserver</application>: start a remote desktop on your server."
" Gives you the ability to run graphical user interfaces such as virt-manager"
" via a remote session. Install <application>vncserver</application> using "
"the <command>yum install vnc-server</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Log files"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"KVM uses various log files. All the log files are standard ASCII files, and "
"accessible with a text editor."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The default directory for all file-based images is the "
"<command>/var/lib/libvirt/images</command> directory."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<filename>qemu-kvm.[PID].log</filename> is the log file created by the "
"<command>qemu-kvm</command> process for each fully virtualized guest. When "
"using this log file, you must retrieve the given <command>qemu-kvm</command>"
" process PID, by using the <command>ps</command> command to examine process "
"arguments to isolate the <command>qemu-kvm</command> process on the virtual "
"machine. Note that you must replace the [PID] symbol with the actual PID "
"<command>qemu-kvm</command> process."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you encounter any errors with the Virtual Machine Manager, you can review"
" the generated data in the <command>virt-manager.log</command> file that "
"resides in the <command>/.virt-manager </command> directory. Note that every"
" time you start the Virtual Machine Manager, it overwrites the existing log "
"file contents. Make sure to backup the <command> virt-manager.log </command>"
" file, before you restart the Virtual Machine manager after a system error."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Troubleshooting with serial consoles"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Linux kernels can output information to serial ports. This is useful for "
"debugging kernel panics and hardware issues with video devices or headless "
"servers. The subsections in this section cover setting up serial console "
"output for machines running Fedora virtualization kernels and their "
"virtualized guests."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This section covers how to enable serial console output for fully "
"virtualized guests."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Fully virtualized guest serial console output can be viewed with the "
"<command>virsh console</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Be aware fully virtualized guest serial consoles have some limitations. "
"Present limitations include:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "output data may be dropped or scrambled."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The serial port is called <systemitem>ttyS0</systemitem> on Linux or "
"<systemitem>COM1</systemitem> on Windows."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You must configure the virtualized operating system to output information to"
" the virtual serial port."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To output kernel information from a fully virtualized Linux guest into the "
"domain modify the <filename>/boot/grub/grub.conf</filename> file by "
"inserting the line <parameter>console=tty0 console=ttys0,115200</parameter>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.32-36.x86-64)\n"
"\troot (hd0,0)\n"
"\tkernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-36.x86-64 ro root=/dev/volgroup00/logvol00\n"
"\t<parameter>console=tty0 console=ttys0,115200</parameter>\n"
"\tinitrd /initrd-2.6.32-36.x86-64.img\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Reboot the guest."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "On the host, access the serial console with the following command:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid "# virsh console\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can also use <command>virt-manager</command> to display the virtual text"
" console. In the guest console window, select <guilabel>Serial "
"Console</guilabel> from the <guilabel>View</guilabel> menu."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Virtualization log files"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "/var/log/libvirt/qemu/<replaceable>GuestName</replaceable>.log"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Loop device errors"
msgstr "Loop 裝置錯誤"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If file-based guest images are used you may have to increase the number of "
"configured loop devices. The default configuration allows up to eight active"
" loop devices. If more than eight file-based guests or loop devices are "
"needed the number of loop devices configured can be adjusted in "
"<filename>/etc/modprobe.conf</filename>. Edit "
"<filename>/etc/modprobe.conf</filename> and add the following line to it:"
msgstr ""
"若使用了基於檔案的客座端映像的話，您可能需要增加已配置的 loop 裝置數量。預設的配置可允許最多達 8 個啟用的 loop 裝置。如果您需要超過 8 "
"個基於檔案的客座端或 loop 裝置，您可在 <filename>/etc/modprobe.conf</filename> 中調整已配置的 loop "
"裝置數量。請編輯 <filename>/etc/modprobe.conf</filename> 並將下列一行附加至該檔案中："

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid "                options loop max_loop=64\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This example uses 64 but you can specify another number to set the maximum "
"loop value. You may also have to implement loop device backed guests on your"
" system. To use a loop device backed guests for a full virtualized system, "
"use the <command>phy: device</command> or <command>file: file</command> "
"commands."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Enabling Intel VT and AMD-V virtualization hardware extensions in BIOS"
msgstr "在 BIOS 中啟用 Intel VT 和 AMD-V 虛擬化硬體延伸"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This section describes how to identify hardware virtualization extensions "
"and enable them in your BIOS if they are disabled."
msgstr "本節描述了如何分辨硬體是否有虛擬延伸功能，同時如果這功能在 BIOS 中已經停用，如何啟用的方法。"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The Intel VT extensions can be disabled in the BIOS. Certain laptop vendors "
"have disabled the Intel VT extensions by default in their CPUs."
msgstr "Intel VT 延伸可以在 BIOS 中停用。有些筆記型電腦在出廠時，VT 延伸功能預設上是停用的。"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The virtualization extensions can not be disabled in the BIOS for AMD-V."
msgstr "AMD-V 處理器的虛擬化延伸功能，是無法在 BIOS 之中停用的。"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The virtualization extensions are sometimes disabled in BIOS, usually by "
"laptop manufacturers. Refer to <xref linkend=\"sect-Virtualization-"
"Troubleshooting-"
"Enabling_Intel_VT_and_AMD_V_virtualization_hardware_extensions_in_BIOS\" /> "
"for instructions on enabling disabled virtualization extensions."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Verify the virtualization extensions are enabled in BIOS. The BIOS settings "
"for <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> VT or AMD-V are "
"usually in the <guimenuitem>Chipset</guimenuitem> or "
"<guimenuitem>Processor</guimenuitem> menus. The menu names may vary from "
"this guide, the virtualization extension settings may be found in "
"<guilabel>Security Settings</guilabel> or other non standard menu names."
msgstr ""
"驗證 BIOS 中是否已經啟用了虛擬延伸功能。<trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</trademark> VT "
"或 AMD-V 的 BIOS "
"設定通常位於<guimenuitem>晶片組</guimenuitem>或是<guimenuitem>處理器</guimenuitem>選單中。不過這選單名稱可能會與本手冊不同，位於<guilabel>安全性設定</guilabel>或其它非標準的選單下。"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Enabling virtualization extensions in BIOS"
msgstr "在 BIOS 中啟用虛擬化延伸功能"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Reboot the computer and open the system's BIOS menu. This can usually be "
"done by pressing the <guibutton>delete</guibutton> key, the "
"<keycap>F1</keycap> key or <keycap>Alt</keycap> and <keycap>F4</keycap> keys"
" depending on the system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Select <guilabel>Restore Defaults</guilabel> or <guilabel>Restore Optimized "
"Defaults</guilabel>, and then select <guilabel>Save &amp; Exit</guilabel>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Power off the machine and disconnect the power supply."
msgstr "將機器關閉並拆除電源。"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Enabling the virtualization extensions in BIOS"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note: BIOS steps"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Many of the steps below may vary depending on your motherboard, processor "
"type, chipset and OEM. Refer to your system's accompanying documentation for"
" the correct information on configuring your system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Power on the machine and open the BIOS (as per Step 1)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Open the <guilabel>Processor</guilabel> submenu The processor settings menu "
"may be hidden in the <guilabel>Chipset</guilabel>, <guilabel>Advanced CPU "
"Configuration</guilabel> or <guilabel>Northbridge</guilabel>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Enable <guilabel>Intel Virtualization Technology</guilabel> (also known as "
"Intel VT) or <guilabel>AMD-V</guilabel> depending on the brand of the "
"processor. The virtualization extensions may be labeled "
"<guilabel>Virtualization Extensions</guilabel>, "
"<guilabel>Vanderpool</guilabel> or various other names depending on the OEM "
"and system BIOS."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Enable Intel VTd or AMD IOMMU, if the options are available. Intel VTd and "
"AMD IOMMU are used for <firstterm linkend=\"glos-Virtualization-PCI\">PCI "
"passthrough</firstterm>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Select <guilabel>Save &amp; Exit</guilabel>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Run <command>cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep vmx svm</command>. If the command "
"outputs, the virtualization extensions are now enabled. If there is no "
"output your system may not have the virtualization extensions or the correct"
" BIOS setting enabled."
msgstr ""
"執行 <command>cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep vmx "
"svm</command>。如果您看到任何結果，表示虛擬延伸功能已經啟用。如果您看不到任何結果，那表示您的系統沒有任何虛擬延伸功能，或者 BIOS "
"並未啟用這功能。"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "KVM networking performance"
msgstr "KVM 的網路效能"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"By default, KVM virtual machines are assigned a virtual Realtek 8139 "
"(rtl8139) NIC (network interface controller)."
msgstr "預設上，KVM 虛擬機器會指定一張虛擬的 Realtek 8139（rtl8139）網路卡。"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The rtl8139 virtualized NIC works fine in most environments. However, this "
"device can suffer from performance degradation problems on some networks, "
"for example, a 10 Gigabit Ethernet network."
msgstr ""
"rtl8139 虛擬網路卡在大部分環境中，皆可運作無誤。然而，這裝置會在某些網路（例如 10 Gigabit 乙太網路）中，面臨效能降低的問題。"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "To improve performance switch to the para-virtualized network driver."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Note that the virtualized Intel PRO/1000 (<systemitem>e1000</systemitem>) "
"driver is also supported as an emulated driver choice. To use the "
"<computeroutput>e1000</computeroutput> driver, replace "
"<computeroutput>virtio</computeroutput> in the procedure below with "
"<computeroutput>e1000</computeroutput>. For the best performance it is "
"recommended to use the <computeroutput>virtio</computeroutput> driver."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Switching to the virtio driver"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Shutdown the guest operating system."
msgstr "關閉客座端作業系統。"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Edit the guest's configuration file with the <command>virsh</command> "
"command (where <parameter>GUEST</parameter> is the guest's name):"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid "# virsh edit <parameter>GUEST</parameter>\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <command>virsh edit</command> command uses the "
"<command>$EDITOR</command> shell variable to determine which editor to use."
msgstr ""
"<command>virsh edit</command> 指令會透過 <command>$EDITOR</command> "
"環境變數，決定要用哪個編輯程式。"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Find the network interface section of the configuration. This section "
"resembles the snippet below:"
msgstr "尋找配置檔的網路介面一節。這一節看起來像："

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"&lt;interface type='network'&gt;\n"
"  <emphasis>[output truncated]</emphasis>\n"
"  &lt;model type='rtl8139' /&gt;\n"
"&lt;/interface&gt;\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Change the type attribute of the model element from "
"<parameter>'rtl8139'</parameter> to <parameter>'virtio'</parameter>. This "
"will change the driver from the rtl8139 driver to the e1000 driver."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"&lt;interface type='network'&gt;\n"
"  <emphasis>[output truncated]</emphasis>\n"
"  &lt;model type=<parameter>'virtio'</parameter> /&gt;\n"
"&lt;/interface&gt;\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Save the changes and exit the text editor"
msgstr "儲存變更，退出編輯程式。"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Restart the guest operating system."
msgstr "重新啟動客座端作業系統。"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Creating new guests using other network drivers"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Alternatively, new virtualized guests can be created with a different "
"network driver. This may be required if you are having difficulty installing"
" guests over a network connection. This method requires you to have at least"
" one virtualized guest already created (possibly installed from CD or DVD) "
"to use as a template."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Create an XML template from an existing virtualized guest (in this example, "
"named <replaceable>Guest1</replaceable>):"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"# virsh dumpxml <replaceable>Guest1</replaceable> &gt; /tmp/<replaceable"
">guest-template</replaceable>.xml\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Copy and edit the XML file and update the unique fields: virtual machine "
"name, UUID, disk image, MAC address, and any other unique parameters. Note "
"that you can delete the UUID and MAC address lines and virsh will generate a"
" UUID and MAC address."
msgstr ""
"複製並編輯 XML 檔案，更新特有的欄位：虛擬機器名稱、UUID、磁碟映像檔、MAC 位址、以及其它特有的欄位。請注意，您可以刪除 UUID 與 MAC"
" 位址，<command>virsh</command> 會產生新的 UUID 與 MAC 位址。"

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"# cp /tmp/<replaceable>guest-template</replaceable>.xml /tmp/<replaceable>new-guest</replaceable>.xml\n"
"# vi /tmp/<replaceable>new-guest</replaceable>.xml\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Add the model line in the network interface section:"
msgstr "在網路介面一節中，加入型號："

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
" &lt;interface type='network'&gt;\n"
"  <emphasis>[output truncated]</emphasis>\n"
"  &lt;model type='virtio' /&gt;\n"
"&lt;/interface&gt;\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "Create the new virtual machine:"
msgstr "建立新的虛擬機器："

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"# virsh define /tmp/new-guest.xml\n"
"# virsh start new-guest\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The network performance is better virtio driver. (<ulink "
"url=\"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=517181\">BZ#517181</ulink>)"
msgstr ""